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See also:MINARET (from the Arabic mandrat ; manar or miner is Arabic for a lighthouse, a See also:tower on which liar, See also:fire, is lit) , a lofty, See also:turret See also:peculiar to See also:Mahommedan See also:architecture. The See also:form is derived from that of the Pharos, the See also:great lighthouse of See also:Alexandria, in the See also:top See also:storey of which the Mahommedan conquerors in the 7th See also:century placed a small praying chamber. The See also:light-See also:house form is perpetuated in the minarets which are found attached to all Mahommedan mosques, and probably had considerable See also:influence on the See also:evolution of the See also:Christian See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church tower (see an exhaustive study in See also:Hermann See also:Thiersch, Pharos Antike, See also:Islam and Occident, 1909). The minaret is always square from the See also:base to the height of the See also:wall of the See also:mosque to which it is attached, and very often octangular above. The upper portion is divided into two or three stages, the wall of the upper storey being slightly set back behind the one below, so as to admit of a narrow See also:balcony, from which the See also:azan, or See also:call to See also:prayer, is chanted by the muazzin (muezzin, moeddin), In See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to give greater width to the balcony it is corbelled out with stalactitic vaulting. The balconies are surrounded with See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone balustrades, and the upper storeys are richly decorated; the top storey being surmounted with a small bulbous See also:dome. The earliest minaret known is that which was built by the See also:caliph Walid (A.D. 705) in the mosque of See also:Damascus, the next in date being the minaret of the mosque of Tulun, at See also:Cairo (A.D. 879), with an See also:external See also:spiral See also:flight of steps like the See also:observatory towers in See also:Assyrian architecture. This minaret as also the example of El Hakim (996), is raised on great square towers. The more remarkable of the other Cairene minarets are those of See also:Imam esh-Shafi (1218), Muristan al Kalaun (128o),
See also:Hassan (1354), Barkuk (A.n. 1382) and Kait See also:Bey (A.D. 1468). Of the same type are the two minarets added to the mosque of Damascus in the 15th century. In See also:Persia the minarets are generally circular, with a single balcony at the top, corbelled out and covered over. In See also:India, at See also:Ghazni, there are no balconies, and the upper See also:part of the tower tapers upwards; the same is See also:notice-able at See also:Delhi, where the minaret of Kutab is divided into six storeys with balconies at each level. In the well-known See also:tomb of the Taj Mahal the four minarets are all built in See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white See also:marble, in three storeys with balconies to each storey, and surmounted by open lanterns. The minarets of See also:Constantinople are very lofty and See also:wire-See also:drawn, but contrast well with the domes of the mosques, which are of slight See also:elevation as compared with those at Cairo.
End of Article: MINARET (from the Arabic mandrat ; manar or miner is Arabic for a lighthouse, a tower on which liar, fire, is lit)
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