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TREACLE
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TREACLE , the thick viscid See also:syrup obtained in the See also:early processes of refining See also:sugar, the uncrystallizable fluid obtained in the See also:process of procuring refined crystallized sugar being known as " See also:golden syrup " and the drainings from the crude sugar as " See also:molasses " (see SUGAR: Manufacture). The word was properly and first used for a medical See also:compound of varying ingredients which was supposed to be a See also:sovereign remedy against snake bites or See also:poison generally. A well-known specific was See also:Venice treacle, Theriaca Andromachi, a compound of a large number of drugs reduced to an electuary,l a medicinal compound prepared with See also:honey, which dissolves in the mouth. The old See also:French triacle, of which "treacle," earlier "triacle," is an See also:adaptation, is a corruption of theriaque, Latin theriaca, See also:Greek BrlpcaKa (sc. qihpµaKa), literally drugs used as an antidote against the bite of poisonous or See also:wild animals (Bilp.ov, dim. of Wye, wild beast). The word " triacle " came to be used of any remedy or antidote. The See also:composition of electuaries with honey or syrup naturally transferred the name to the most See also:familiar syrup, that obtained from the drainings of sugar.
TREAD-See also: Usually it revelved at the See also:rate of 32 ft. per See also:minute. The prisoner worked for 6 See also:hours each See also:day, 3 hours at a See also:time. He was on the wheel for 15 minutes and then rested for 5 minutes. Thus in the course of his day's labour he climbed 864o ft. See also:Isolation of prisoners at their See also:work was obtained by screens of wood on each side of the mill, converting the working space into a See also:separate compartment. Each prisoner was medically examined before going to the mill. By the Prison See also:Act 1865 every male prisoner over 16, sentenced to hard labour, had to spend three months at least of his See also:sentence in labour of the first class. This consisted primarily of the tread-mill, or, as an alternative, the See also:crank. The latter consisted of a small wheel, like the See also:paddle-wheel of a steamer, and a handle turned by the prisoner made it revolve in a See also:box paetly filled with See also:gravel. The amount of gravel regulated the hard labour; or the necessary resistance was obtained by a brake, by which a pressure, usually of 12 lb, was applied. The prisoner had to make 8000 or 1o,000 revolutions during his 6 hours' work, according to his strength, the number being registered on a See also:dial. The crank too, however, was subsequently made to serve useful purposes. Both tread-mill and crank have gradually been abolished; in 1895 there were 39 tread-See also:mills and 29 cranks in use in See also:English prisons, and these had dwindled down to 13 and 5 respectively in 1901. They are now disused. The fundamental See also:idea of Cubitt's invention, i.e. procuring rotary See also:motion for See also:industrial purposes by the weight of men or animals, is very old. " Tread-wheels," of this type, usually consist of hollow cylinders, round the inner See also:surface of which a See also:horse, See also:dog or See also:man walks, foothold being kept by slabs of wood nailed across at See also:short intervals. Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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