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AHMAD SHAH (1724-1773) , founder of the See also:Durani See also:dynasty in See also:Afghanistan, was the son of Sammaun-See also:Khan, hereditary See also:chief of the Abdali tribe. While still a boy Ahmad See also:fell into the hands of the hostile tribe of Ghilzais, by whom he was kept prisoner at See also:Kandahar. In See also:March 1738 he was rescued by See also:Nadir Shah, who soon afterwards gave him the command of a See also:body of See also:cavalry composed chiefly of Abdalis. On the assassination of Nadir in 1747, Ahmad, having failed in an See also:attempt to seize the See also:Persian treasures, retreated to Afghanistan, where he easily persuaded the native tribes to assert their See also:independence and accept him as their See also:sovereign. He was crowned at Kandahar in See also:October 1747, and about the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time he changed the name of his tribe to Durani. Two things may be ' said to have contributed greatly to the consolidation of his See also:power. He interfered as little as possible with the independence of the different tribes, demanding from each only its due proportion of See also:tribute and military service; and he kept his See also:army constantly engaged in brilliant schemes of See also:foreign See also:conquest. Being possessed of the Koh-i-noor See also:diamond, and being fortunate enough to intercept a See also:consignment of treasure on its way to the shah of See also:Persia, he had all the advantages which See also:great See also:wealth can give., He first crossed the See also:Indus in 1748, when he took See also:Lahore; and in 1751, after a feeble resistance on the See also:part of the See also:Mahommedan See also:viceroy, he became See also:master of the entire See also:Punjab. In x750 he took See also:Nishapur, and in 1752 subdued See also:Kashmir. His great expedition to See also:Delhi was undertaken in 1756 in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to avenge himself on the Great: See also:Mogul for the recapture of Lahore. Ahmad entered Delhi with his army in See also:triumph, and for more than a See also:month the See also:city was given over to pillage.. The shah himself added to .his wives a princess of the imperial See also:family, and bestowed another upon his son Timur Shah, whom he made See also:governor of the,.Punjab and See also:Sirhind. As his viceroy in Delhi he See also:left a See also:Rohilla chief in whom he had all confidence, but scarcely had he crossed the Indus when the Mahommedan See also:wazir drove the chief from the city, killed the Great Mogul and set another See also:prince of the family, a See also:tool of his own, upon the See also:throne. The Mahratta chiefs availed themselves of these circumstances to endeavour to possess them-selves of the whole See also:country, and Ahmad was compelled more than once to See also:cross the Indus in order to protect his territory from them and the Sikhs, who were constantly attacking his garrisons. In 1758 the See also:Mahrattas obtained See also:possession of the Punjab, but on the 6th of See also:January 1761 they were totally routed by Ahmad in the great See also:battle of See also:Panipat. In a later expedition he inflicted a severe defeat upon the Sikhs, but had to hasten westwards immediately afterwards in order to quell an insurrection in Afghanistan. Meanwhile the Sikhs again See also:rose, and Ahmad was now forced to abandon all See also:hope of retaining the command of the Punjab. After lengthened, suffering from a terrible disease, . said to have been See also:cancer in the See also:face, he died in 1773, leaving to his son Timur the See also:kingdom he had founded.
End of Article: AHMAD SHAH (1724-1773)
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