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BOTTA, CARLO GIUSEPPE GUGLIELMO (1766...

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 306 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BOTTA, CARLO GIUSEPPE GUGLIELMO (1766–1837) , See also:Italian historian, was See also:born at See also:San Giorgio Canavese in See also:Piedmont. He studied See also:medicine at the university of See also:Turin, and obtained his See also:doctor's degree when about twenty years of See also:age. Having rendered himself See also:obnoxious to the See also:government during the See also:political commotions that followed the See also:French Revolution, he was imprisoned for over a See also:year; and on his See also:release in 1795 he withdrew to See also:France, only to return to his native See also:country as a surgeon in the French See also:army, whose progress he followed as far as See also:Venice. Here he joined the expedition to See also:Corfu, from which he did not return to See also:Italy till 1798. At first he favoured French policy in Italy, contributed to the See also:annexation of Piedmont by France in 1799, and was an admirer of See also:Napoleon; but he afterwards changed his views, realizing the See also:necessity for the See also:union of all Italians and for their freedom from See also:foreign See also:control. After the separation of Piedmont from France in 1814 he retired into private See also:life, but, fearing persecution at See also:home, became a French See also:citizen. In 1817 he was appointed See also:rector of the university of See also:Rouen, but in 1822 was removed owing to clerical See also:influence. Amid all the vicissitudes of his See also:early manhood Botta had never allowed his See also:pen to be See also:long idle, and in the political quiet that followed 1816 he naturally devoted himself more exclusively to literature. In 1824 he published a See also:history of Italy from 1789 to 1814 (4 vols.), on which his fame principally rests; he himself had been an eyewitness of many of the events described. His continuation of See also:Guicciardini, which he was afterwards encouraged to undertake, is a careful and laborious See also:work, but is not based on See also:original authorities and is of small value. Though living in See also:Paris he was in both these See also:works the ardent exponent of that recoil against everything French which took See also:place throughout See also:Europe. A careful exclusion of all Gallicisms, as a reaction against the French influences of the See also:day, is one of the marked features of his See also:style, which is not infrequently impassioned and eloquent, though at the same See also:time cumbrous, involved and ornate.

Botta died at Paris in See also:

August 1837, in See also:comparative poverty, but in the enjoyment of an extensive and well-earned reputation. His son, See also:Paul Emile Botta (1802-1870), was a distinguished traveller and See also:Assyrian archaeologist, whose excavations at See also:Khorsabad (1843) were among the first efforts in the See also:line of investigation afterwards pursued by See also:Layard. The works of Carlo Botta are Storia naturale e medica dell' Isola di Corfu (1798) ; an Italian See also:translation of Born's Joannis Physiophili specimen monachologiae (1801); Souvenirs d'un voyage en Dalmatie (18o2); Storia della guerra dell' Independenza d'See also:America (1809) ; Camillo, a poem (1815); Storia d'Italia dal 1789 al 1814 (1824, new ed., See also:Prato, 1862); Storia d'Italia in continuazione al Guicciardini (1832, new ed., See also:Milan, 1878). See C. Dionisiotti, Vita di Carlo Botta (Turin, 1867) ; C. Pavesio, Carlo Botta e le See also:sue opere storiche (See also:Florence, 1874) ; Scipione Botta, Vita private di Carlo Botta (Florence, 1877) ; A. d'See also:Ancona e O. Bacci, Manuela della Letteratura Italiana (Florence, 1894), vol. V. pp. 245 seq.

End of Article: BOTTA, CARLO GIUSEPPE GUGLIELMO (1766–1837)

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