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CYZICUS , an See also:ancient See also:town of See also:Mysia in See also:Asia See also:Minor, situated on the shoreward See also:side of the See also:present See also:peninsula of Kapu-Dagh (Arctonnesus), which is said to have been originally an See also:island in the See also:Sea of See also:Marmora, and to have been artificially connected with the mainland in historic times. It was, according to tradition, occupied by Thessalian settlers at the coming of the See also:Argonauts, and in 756 B.C. the town was founded by Greeks from See also:Miletus. Owing to its advantageous position it speedily acquired commercial importance, and the See also:gold staters of Cyzicus were a See also:staple currency in the ancient See also:world till they were superseded by those of See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip of Macedon. During the Peloponnesian See also:War (431–404 B.C.) Cyzicus was subject to the Athenians and Lacedaemonians alternately, and at the See also:peace of See also:Antalcidas (387 B.C.), like the other See also:Greek cities in Asia, it was made over to See also:Persia. The See also:history of the town in Hellenistic times is closely connected with that of the dynasts of See also:Pergamum, with whose extinction it came into See also:direct relations with See also:Rome. Cyzicus was held for the See also:Romans against See also:Mithradates in 74 B.C. till the See also:siege was raised by See also:Lucullus: the See also:loyalty of the See also:city was rewarded by an See also:extension of territory and other privileges. Still a flourishing centre in Imperial times, the See also:place appears to have been ruined by a See also:series of earthquakes—the last in A.D. 1063—and the See also:population was transferred to Artaki at least as See also:early as the 13th See also:century, when the peninsula was occupied by the Crusaders. The site is now known as Bal-Kiz (IIaXaia Kbrucos?) and entirely uninhabited, though under cultivation. The See also:principal extant ruins are: the walls, which are traceable for nearly their whole extent, a picturesque See also:amphitheatre intersected by a stream, and the substructures of the See also:temple of See also:Hadrian. Of this magnificent See also:building, sometimes ranked among the seven wonders of the ancient world, See also:thirty-one immense columns still stood erect in 1444. These have since been carried away piece-See also:meal for building purposes by the See also:Turks.
See J. See also:Marquardt, Cyzicus (See also:Berlin, 183o) ; G. See also:Perrot, Exploration de la Galatie (See also:Paris, 1862) ; F. W. Hasluck and A. E. See also:Henderson in See also:Journal of Hellenic Studies (1904), 135-143. (F. W.
End of Article: CYZICUS
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