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GEOFFROY

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 620 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GEOFFROY See also:

SAINT-HILAIRE, ISIDORE (r8o5-1861), See also:French zoologist, son of the preceding, was See also:born at See also:Paris on the 16th of See also:December 1805. In his earlier years he showed an aptitude for See also:mathematics, but eventually he devoted himself to the study of natural See also:history and of See also:medicine, and in 1824 he was appointed assistant naturalist to his See also:father. On the occasion of his taking the degree of See also:doctor of medicine in See also:September 1829, he read a thesis entitled Propositions sur la monstruosite, consideree chez l'homme et See also:les animaux; and in 1832-1837 was published his See also:great teratological See also:work, Histoire generale et particuliere See also:des anomalies de ?organisation chez l'homme et les animaux, 3 vols. 8vo. with 20 plates. In 1829 he delivered for his father the second See also:part of a course of lectures on See also:ornithology, and during the three following years he taught See also:zoology at the Athenee, and teratology at the Ecole pratique. He was elected a member of the See also:academy of sciences at Paris in 1833, was in 1837 appointed to See also:act as See also:deputy for his father at the See also:faculty of sciences in Paris, and in the following See also:year was sent to See also:Bordeaux to organize a similar faculty there. He became successively inspector of the academy of Paris (1840), See also:professor of the museum on the retirement of his father (1841), Inspector-See also:general of the university (1844), a member of the royal See also:council for public instruction (1845), and on the See also:death of H. M. D. de See also:Blainville, professor of zoology at the faculty of sciences (1850). In 1854 he founded the See also:Acclimatization Society of Paris, of which he was See also:president. He died at Paris on the loth of See also:November 1861. Besides the above-mentioned See also:works, he wrote: Essais de zoologie generale (1841); See also:Vie .

. . d'See also:

Etienne Geoff See also:roy Saint-Hilaire (1847); Acclimatalion et domestication des animaux utiles (1849; 4th ed., 1861); Letires sur les substances alimentaires et particulierement sur la viande de cheval (1856) ; and Histoire naturelle generale des regnes organiques (3 vols., 1854-1862), which was not quite completed. He was the author also of various papers on zoology, See also:comparative See also:anatomy and palaeontology. the figure of the See also:earth and the varieties of crustal See also:relief. Hence mathematical See also:geography (see See also:MAP), including cartography as a See also:practical application, comes first. It merges into See also:physical geography, which takes See also:account of the forms of the See also:lithosphere (geomorphology), and also of the See also:distribution of the See also:hydrosphere and the rearrangements resulting from the workings of See also:solar See also:energy throughout the hydrosphere and See also:atmosphere (oceanography and climatology). Next follows the distribution of See also:plants and animals (biogeography), and finally the distribution of mankind and the various artificial boundaries and redistributions (anthropogeography). The applications of anthropogeography to human uses give rise to See also:political and commercial geography, in the elucidation of which all the earlier departments or stages have to be considered, together with See also:historical and other purely human conditions. The evolutionary See also:idea has revolutionized and unified geography as it did See also:biology, breaking down the old hard-and-fast partitions between the various departments, and substituting the study of the nature and See also:influence of actual terrestrial environments for the earlier See also:motive, the See also:discovery and exploration of new lands.

End of Article: GEOFFROY

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