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LACTONES

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 56 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LACTONES , the cyclic See also:

esters of hydroxy acids, resulting from the See also:internal elimination of See also:water between the hydroxyl and carboxyl See also:groups, this reaction taking See also:place when the hydroxy See also:acid is liberated from its salts by a See also:mineral acid. The a and 0-hydroxy acids do not See also:form lactones, the tendency for lactone formation appearing first with the 7-hydroxy acids, thus 'yhydroxybutyric acid, See also:CH2OH•See also:CH2•CH2•See also:CO2H, yields 7-butyro- 1 lactone, CH2•CH2•CH2•CO.O. These compounds may also be prepared by the See also:distillation of the 7-halogen fatty acids, or by the See also:action of alkaline See also:carbonates on these acids, or from, 3y-or yb-unsaturated acids by digestion with hydrobromic acid or dilute sulphuric acid. The lactones are mostly liquids which are readily soluble in See also:alcohol, See also:ether and water. On boiling with water, they are partially reconverted into the hydroxy acids. They are easily saponified by the See also:caustic alkalis. On the behaviour of lactones with See also:ammonia, see H. See also:Meyer, Monatshefte, 1899, 20, p. 717; and with phenylhydrazine and See also:hydrazine See also:hydrate, see R. Meyer, Ber., 1893, 26, p. 1273; L. Gattermann, Ber., 1899, 32, p.

1133, E. See also:

Fischer, Ber., 1889, 22, p. 1889. y-Butyrolactone is a liquid which boils at 206° C. It is miscible with water in all proportions and is volatile in See also:steam. y-valero- I lactone, See also:CH3•CH•CH2•CH2•CO.O, is a liquid which boils at 207-208° C. 6-lactones are also known, and may be prepared by distilling the S-chlor acids. LA CUEVA, JUAN DE (155o?-16o9?), See also:Spanish dramatist and poet, was See also:born at See also:Seville, and towards 1579 began See also:writing for the See also:stage. His plays, fourteen in number, were published in 1588, and are the earliest manifestations of the dramatic methods See also:developed by Lope de See also:Vega. Abandoning the Senecan See also:model hitherto universal in See also:Spain, Cueva took for his themes matters of See also:national See also:legend, historic tradition, See also:recent victories and the actualities of contemporary See also:life: this See also:amalgam of epical and realistic elements, and the introduction of a See also:great variety of metres, prepared the way for the Spanish romantic See also:drama of the 17th See also:century. A See also:peculiar See also:interest attaches to El Infamador, a See also:play in which the See also:character of Leucino anticipates the classic type of See also:Don Juan. As an initiative force, Cueva is a figure of great See also:historical importance; his epic poem, La Conquista de Betica (1603), shows his weakness as an artist. The last See also:work to which his name is attached is the Ejemplar poetico (1609), and he is believed to have died shortly after its publication.

See the See also:

editions of See also:Saco de See also:Roma and El Infamador, by E. de Ochoa, in the Tesoro del teatro espanol (See also:Paris, 1838), vol. i. pp. 251-285; and of Ejemplar poetico, by J. J. See also:Lopez de Sedano, in the Parnaso espanol, vol. viii. pp. 1-68; also E. Walberg, " Juan de la Cueva et son Ejemplar poetice " in the Acta Universitatis Lundensis (See also:Lund, 1904), vol. See also:xxix.; " Poemes inedits de Juan de la Cueva (Viaje de Sannio,) " edited by F. A. Wulff, in the Acta Universitatis Lundensis (Lund, 1886–1887), vol. See also:xxiii.; F. A. Wulff, " De la rimas de Juan de la Cueva, Primera Parte " in the Homenaje ci Menendez y Pelayo (See also:Madrid, 1899), vol. ii. pp. 143-148. (J.

End of Article: LACTONES

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