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MOISSAN, HENRI (1852-1907)

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Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 651 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MOISSAN, See also:HENRI (1852-1907) , See also:French chemist, was See also:born at See also:Paris on the 28th of See also:September 1852. Educated at the Museum of Natural See also:History, he was successively See also:professor of See also:toxicology (r886) and of inorganic See also:chemistry (1889) at the School of See also:Pharmacy, and of See also:general chemistry at the See also:Sorbonne (1900). In 1886 he succeeded in obtaining the See also:element See also:fluorine in the See also:free See also:state by the See also:electrolysis of See also:potassium fluoride and anhydrous hydrofluoric See also:acid at a See also:low temperature. Thence he was led to study the See also:production of See also:carbon in its three varieties and to See also:attempt the artificial preparation of See also:diamond, of which he was able to make some See also:minute specimens (see GEMS, § Artificial). In connexion with these experiments he See also:developed the electric See also:furnace as a convenient means of obtaining very high temperatures in the laboratory; and by its aid he prepared many new compounds, especially carbides, silicides and borides, and melted and volatilized substances which had previously been regarded as infusible. For his preparation of fluorine he wasawarded the Lacase See also:prize in 1887, and in 1906 he obtained the See also:Nobel prize for chemistry. He died in Paris on the 20th of See also:February 1907. His published See also:works include Le four electrique (1897), and Le fluor et ses composes (1900), besides 'numerous papers in the Comptes rendus and other scientific See also:periodicals. A Traite de chimie minerale in five volumes was published under his direction in 1904-1906.

End of Article: MOISSAN, HENRI (1852-1907)

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