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SORBONNE , the name given originally to the See also:college founded by See also:Robert de Sorbon in See also:Paris; hence applied afterwards popularly to the theological See also:faculty, and so to the institution which is now the seat of the Academie of that See also:city (see See also:UNIVERSITIES). The Sorbonne owes its origin and its name to Robert of Sorbon, near See also:Reims (1201-1274), who went to Paris about the beginning of the reign of St See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to qualify for the priesthood, attained high repute by his sanctity and eloquence, and was appointed by the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king to be his See also:confessor. Assisted by royal liberality, he built a modest See also:establishment in which were accommodated seven priests charged with the See also:duty of teaching See also:theology gratuitously; to this he added a college of preparatory studies, all under the direction of a provisor, under whom was an See also:annual See also:prior who had the actual management. The new institution was authorized in 1252 by a See also:deed signed by See also:Queen See also:Blanche, on behalf of Louis IX. (who was in See also:Palestine); and in 1257 a site was given by the king in the See also:heart of the Latin See also:quarter. It was declared " useful to See also:religion " by See also:Pope See also:Alexander IV. in 1259, and papal bulls authorizing and confirming the college were granted in 1263 and 1268. Destined originally for poor students (and called domus magistrorum pauperrima, " most poor See also:house of masters "), the Sorbonne soon became a See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting-See also:place for all the students of the university of Paris, who resorted thither to hear the lectures of the most learned theologians of the See also:period—See also:Guillaume de See also:Saint Amour, Eudes de See also:Douai, See also:Laurent 1'Anglais, See also:Pierre d'See also:Ailly. At the See also:close of the See also:century it was organized into a full faculty of theology, and under this definite See also:form it conferred bachelors', licentiates' and doctors' degrees, and the severity of its See also:examinations gave an exceptional value to its diplomas. The so-called " these sorbonique," instituted towards the beginning of the 14th century, became the type of its order by the length and difficulty of its tests. Ultimately the professors of the Sorbonne came to be resorted to not only for lectures and examinations, but also for dogmatic decisions and judgments in See also:canon See also:law; the See also:clergy of See also:France and of the whole See also:Catholic See also:world had recourse to them in difficult cases, and the See also:Curia See also:Romana itself more than once laid its doubts before them, giving them the See also:title of " Concilium in Gallia subsistens." To the Sorbonne belongs the See also:glory of having introduced See also:printing into France in 1469: within its precincts it assigned quarters for Ulric Gering and two companions in which to set up their presses. The Sorbonne took a leading See also:part in the religious discussions which agitated France during the 16th and 18th centuries, and its See also:influence thus inevitably extended to See also:political questions. During the See also:insanity of See also:Charles VI. it helped to bring about the See also:absolution of See also:Jean Sans-Peur for the assassination of the See also:duke of See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans
Shortly afterwards it demanded and supported the condemnation I BIBLIOGRAPHY.—G. Kral, Grammatik der wendischen Sprache of See also:Joan of Arc; during the See also:Reformation it was the animating in der Oberlausitz (See also:Bautzen, 1895) ; K. E. Macke, Historische and spirit of all the persecutions directed against Protestants and (Javergleichblono~,~sendeLi Preisschrift, u.sschrift, Formen-Lehre xviii.) .) (See also:Leipzig, d. niedersorbischen Sprache
1891); Pfuhl, Lausitzisch-
unbelievers: without having advised the See also:massacre of St Wendisch Werterbuch (High Sorb) (Bautzen, 1866) ; J. G. Zwahr, See also:Bartholomew, it did not hesitate to justify it, and it inflamed Niederlausitz-wendisch-deutsehes HandwOrterbuch (See also:Spremberg, 1847); the See also:League by its vigorous anathemas against See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry III. and M. H6rnik, Citanka (Ch estomathy of High Sorb) (Bautzen, 1863 ;
L. See also:Haupt and J. S. Smoler, Volkslieder der See also:Wenden in der Ober-the king of See also:Navarre, .hesitating to recognize the latter even and Niederlausitz (See also:Grimma, 1842-1843). (E. H. M.)
after his See also:abjuration. From this point See also:dates the beginning of SORBY, HENRY See also:CLIFTON (1826-1908), See also:English micro-its decadence, and when See also:Richelieu in 1626 ordered the recon- scopist and geologist, was See also:born at Woodbourne near See also:Sheffield struction of its See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church and buildings the following prophetic on the loth of May 1826. He See also:early See also:developed an See also:interest in
See also:couplet was circulated— natural See also:science, and one of his first papers related to the excava-
"Instaurata ruet jamjam Sorbona. Caduca tion of valleys in See also:Yorkshire. He subsequently dealt with the
Dum fait, inconcussa stetit; renovata peribit." See also:physical See also:geography of former See also:geological periods, with the See also:wave-The See also:declaration of the clergy in 1682, which it subscribed, structure in certain stratified rocks, and the origin of slaty proved fatal to its authority with the Curia Romana; it revived cleavage. He took up the study of rocks and minerals under for a See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time under Louis XV. during the struggle against the See also:microscope, and published an important memoir On the See also:Jansenism, but this was its last exploit; it was suppressed like Microscopical Structure of Crystals in 1858 (Quart. Journ. Geol.
the old universities in 1992. See also:Soc.). In See also:England he was one of the pioneers in petrography;
When tha university' of France was organized in 18o8 the he was awarded the See also:Wollaston See also:medal by the Geological Sorbonne became the seat of the See also:academic of Paris; and between Society of See also:London in 1869, and when See also:president of the society he 1816 and 1821 the faculties of theology (since disappeared), published in his addresses the results of See also:original researches on science and literature were installed there. The university the structure and origin of limestones, and of the non-calcareous library was transferred to the Sorbonne in 1823. In 1868 was stratified rocks (1879-188o). He had previously been president organized the Ecole See also:des Hautes Etudes, and in 1897 the Ecole of the Royal Microscopical Society. He wrote on the construcdes Chartes also found its See also:home at the Sorbonne. tion and use of the micro-spectroscope in the study of See also:animal
In 1852 the Sorbonne was made the See also:property of the city of and See also:vegetable colouring See also:matter, and in later essays he dealt Paris; a reconstruction of the buildings, projected by See also:Napoleon with such varied subjects as the microscopical structure of See also:iron III., was begun in 1884, under the architectural direction of and See also:steel, and the temperature of the See also:water in estuaries. He Nenot, and completed in 1889. The old church containing the also applied his skill in making preparations of invertebrate See also:tomb of Richelieu was retained on See also:account of its See also:artistic merit. animals for See also:lantern-slides. In 1882 he was elected president This new Sorbonne is one of the finest university edifices in the of See also:Firth College, Sheffield. He died on the 9th of See also:March world, and has developed into the See also:chief See also:French centre of learning. 1908.
See A. See also:Franklin, La Sorbonne (1875) ; Denifle, Documents relatifs SORCERY, magic, enchantment, See also:witchcraft; the use of
a la fondation de l'universite de Paris (x883); J. A.
End of Article: SORBONNE
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