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PLUM

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 855 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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PLUM , the See also:

ENGLISH

English name both for certain kinds of See also:

TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree and also generally for their See also:

FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit. The plum tree belongs to the genus Prunus, natural See also:

order See also:

ROSACEAE

Rosaceae. Cultivated plums are supposed to have originated from one or other of the See also:

SPECIES

species P. domestica (See also:

WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild plum) or P. insititia (bullace). The See also:

young shoots of P. domestica are glabrous, and the fruit oblong; in P. insititia the young shoots are pubescent, and the fruit more or less globose. A third species, the See also:

COMMON

common sloe or blackthorn, P. spinosa, has stout spines; its See also:

FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers expand before the leaves; and its fruit is very rough to the See also:

TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste, in which particulars it differs from the two preceding. These Culinary Plums. See also:

Early Prolific . . . . e. See also:

JULY

July See also:

Victoria . . . See also:

SEPT

Sept.

Belle de See also:

LOUVAIN (Flem. Leuven)

Louvain . . Aug. See also:

White Magnum Bonum Sept. Belgian See also:

PURPLE

Purple . m. Aug. See also:

Pond's Seedling . . . m. Sept. Czar e. Aug. See also:

DIAMOND

Diamond m. Sept.

See also:

PERSHORE

Pershore . . . . e. Aug. Monarch . . . . e. Sept. See also:

Prince Englebert . e. Aug. See also:

GRAND

Grand See also:

DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke . . Oct.

Mitchelsons' . . . . b. Sept. Wyedale e. Oct. Diseases.—The Plum is subject to several diseases of fungal origin. A widespread disease known as See also:

POCKET

pocket-plums or See also:

BLADDER (from A.S. blaeddre, connected with bl¢wan, to blow, cf. Ger. blase)

bladder-plums is due to an ascomycetous fungus, Exoascus pruni, the mycelium of which lives parasitically in the tissues of the See also:

HOST

host plant, passes into the ovary of the See also:

flower and causes the characteristic malformation of the fruit which becomes a deformed, sometimes curved or flattened, wrinkled dry structure, with a hollow occupying the See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of the See also:

stone; the bladder plums are yellow at first, subsequently dingy red. The reproductive spores are See also:

BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne in sacs (See also:

ASCI

asci) which See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form a dense layer on the See also:

SURFACE

surface, appearing like a See also:

BLOOM (from A.S. bloma, a flower)

bloom in July; they are scattered by the See also:

wind and propagate the disease. The only remedy is to cut off and See also:

BURN, RICHARD (1709-1785)

burn the diseased branches. Plum-See also:

LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

leaf See also:

BLISTER (a word found in many forms in Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Blase; it is ultimately connected with the same root as in " blow," cf. " bladder ")

blister is caused by Polystigma rubrum, a pyrenomycetous fungus which forms thick fleshy reddish patches on the leaves. See also:

PLUMBAGO (from Lat. plum-bum, lead)

PLUMBAGO The reproductive spores are formed in embedded flesh-shaped receptacles (perithecia) and scattered after the leaves have fallen.

The spots are not often so numerous as to do much harm to the leaves, See also:

air but where the disease is serious diseased leaves should be collected and burned. Sloes and See also:

BIRD

bird- cherries should be removed from the neighbourhood of plum-trees, as the various disease-producing See also:

INSECTS

insects and See also:

FUNGI (p1. of Lat. fungus, a mushroom)

fungi live also on these species. The branches are some- times attacked by weevils (Rhyn- cites) and the larvae of various moths, and saw-flies (chiefly Erio- campa) feed on the leaves, and out young branches and leaves are sometimes invaded by See also:

APHIDES (pl. of Aphis)

Aphides. Leaf-feeding beetles and larvae of moths are best got rid of by shaking the branches and See also:

COLLECTING

collecting the insects. Slug-See also:

WORMS

worms or saw-See also:

FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly larvae require treatment by washing with, soapsuds, See also:

TOBACCO

tobacco and See also:

lime-See also:

WATER

water or See also:

HELLEBORE

hellebore See also:

SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution, and Aphides by syringing from below and removing all surplus young twigs.

End of Article: PLUM

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