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TRACHIS

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 116 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TRACHIS , a See also:

city of See also:ancient See also:Greece, situated at the See also:head of the Malian Gulf in a small See also:plain between the See also:rivers Asopus and Melas, and enclosed by the See also:mountain See also:wall of See also:Oeta which here extended See also:close to the See also:sea and by means of the Trachini4n Cliffs completely . commanded the See also:main road from See also:Thessaly. The position was well adapted as an advanced See also:post against invaders from the See also:north, and furthermore guarded the road up the Asopus See also:gorge into the Cephissus valley. Strangely enough, it is not recorded what See also:part Trachis played in the See also:defence of See also:Thermopylae against See also:Xerxes. Its military importance was recognized in 427 B.C. by the Spartans, who sent a See also:garrison to guard the Trachinian plain against the maraudinghighland tribes of Oeta and built a citadel close by the Asopus gorge with the new name of See also:Heraclea. The Spartans failed to safeguard Heraclea against the Oetaeans and Thessalians, and for a See also:short See also:time were displaced by the Thebans (420). After a bloody defeat at the hands of the neighbouring mountaineers (409) the Spartan See also:governor quarrelled with the native settlers, whom he expelled in 399. Four years later See also:Thebes used her new predominance in central Greece to restore the Trachinians, who retained Heraclea until 371, when See also:Jason of Pherae seized and dismantled it. The fortress was rebuilt, and after 28o served the Aetolians as a See also:bulwark against Celts and Macedonians. It was captured in 191 by the See also:Romans, but restored to the Aetolian See also:League until 146. Henceforth the See also:place lost its importance; in See also:Strabo's time the See also:original site was apparently deserted, and the citadel alone remained inhabited. Strabo p. 428; See also:Herodotus vii.

198–203; See also:

Thucydides iii. 92, v. 51—52; Diodorus xiv. 38, 82; See also:Livy See also:xxxvi. 22—24. W. See also:Leake, Travels in See also:Northern Greece, iii. 24—31 (See also:London, 1835) ; G. B. See also:Grundy, See also:Great See also:Persian See also:War, pp. 261–264 (London, 1901). (M.

O. B.

End of Article: TRACHIS

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