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ASH WEDNESDAY , in the Western See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, the first See also:day of See also:- LENT (0. Eng. lenclen, " spring," M. Eng. lenten, lente, lent; cf. Dut. lente, Ger. Lenz, " spring," 0. H. Ger. lenzin, lengizin, lenzo, probably from the same root as " long " and referring to " the lengthening days ")
Lent (q.v.), so called from the ceremonial.use of ashes, as a See also:symbol of penitence, in the service prescribed for the day. The See also:custom, which is ultimately based on the See also:penance of " sackcloth and ashes " spoken of by the prophets of the Old Testament, has been dropped in those of the reformed Churches which still observe the fast; but it is retained in the See also:Roman See also:Catholic Church, the day being known as See also:dies cinerum (day of ashes) or dies cineris et cilicii (day of ash and sackcloth). The ashes, obtained by burning the palms or their substitutes used in the ceremonial of the previous See also:Palm See also:Sunday, are placed in a See also:vessel on the See also:altar before High See also:Mass. The See also:priest, vested in a See also:violet See also:cope, prays that See also:God may send His See also:angel to hallow the ash, that it become a remedium salubre for all penitents. After another See also:prayer the ashes are thrice sprinkled with See also:holy See also:water and thrice censed. Then the priest invites those See also:present to approach and, dipping his thumb in the ashes, marks them as they kneel with the sign of the See also:cross on the forehead (or in the See also:case of clerics on the See also:place of See also:tonsure), with the words: Memento, homo, quid pulvis es et in pulverem reverteris (Remember, See also:man, that See also:thou See also:art dust and unto dust thou shalt return). The celebrant himself either sprinkles the ash on his own See also:head in silence, or receives it from the priest of highest dignity present.
This ceremony is derived from the custom of public penance in the See also:early Church, when the sinner to be reconciled had to appear in the See also:congregation clad in sackcloth and covered with ashes (cf. See also:Tertullian, De Pudicitia, 13). At what date this use was extended to the whole congregation is not known. The phrase dies cinerum appears in the earliest extant copies of the Gregorian Sacramentary, and it is probable that the custom was already established by the 8th See also:century. The Anglo-Saxon homilist %Elfric, in his Lives of the See also:Saints (996 or 997), refers toit as in See also:common use; but the earliest See also:evidence of its authoritative See also:prescription is a See also:decree of the See also:synod of Beneventum in 1091.
Of the reformed Churches the See also:Anglican Church alone marks the day by any See also:special service. This is known as the Commination service, its distinctive See also:element being the See also:solemn See also:reading of " the See also:general sentences of God's cursing against sinners, gathered out of the seven and twentieth See also:chapter of See also:Deuteronomy, and other places of Scripture." The lections for the day are the same as in the Roman Church (See also:Joel ii. 12, &c., and Matt. vi. 16, &c.). In the See also:American Prayer See also:Book the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of Commination is omitted, with the exception of the three concluding prayers, which are derived from the prayers and anthems said or sung during the blessing and See also:distribution of the ashes according to the Sarum See also:Missal. The ceremonial of the ashes was not See also:pro-scribed in See also:England at the See also:Reformation; it was indeed enjoined by a See also:proclamation of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry VIII. (See also:February 26, 1538) and again in 1550 under See also:Edward VI.; but it had fallen into See also:complete disuse by the beginning of the 17th century.
See Wetzer and Welte, Kirchenlexikon, and See also:Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopadie (3rd ed.), s. " Aschermittwoch "; L. See also:Duchesne, See also:Christian See also:Worship, trans. by M. L. McClure (See also:London, 1904).
End of Article: ASH WEDNESDAY
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