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traffic was considerable, but in the 18th prosperity declined and most of the trade was removed to Bushire. In 1759 the English factory was destroyed by the See also:

French, and though afterwards re-established it has See also:

long been abandoned. The ruins of the factory and other buildings See also:

lie See also:

west of the present town. About 1740 See also:

NADIR (Arabic nadir, " opposite to," used elliptically for nadir-es-semt, "opposite to the zenith ")

Nadir Shah granted the town and See also:

DISTRICT

district with the fort of Shamil and the town pf Minn, together with the islands of See also:

KISHM (also Arab. Jazirat ut-tawilah, Pers. Jazarih i daraz, i.e. Long Island)

Kishm, Hormuz (Ormus) and Larak, to the Arab tribe of the Beni Ma'ini in return for a See also:

PAYMENT (Fr. paiement, from payer, to pay; Lat. pacare, to appease, pax, peace)

payment of a yearly See also:

RENT

rent or See also:

TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute. About 40 years later See also:

SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan See also:

bin Ahmad, the ruler of See also:

MUSCAT, MUSKAT

Muscat, having been appealed to for aid by the Arab inhabit-ants of the See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place against Persian See also:

MISRULE, LORD OF

misrule, occupied the town, and obtained a See also:

FIRMAN (an adaptation of the Per. ferman, a mandate or patent, cognate with the Sanskrit pramdna, a measure, authority)

firman from the Persian See also:

government confirming him in his See also:

possession on the See also:

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of his paying a yearly rent of a few thousand tomans. The islands were considered to be the See also:

PROPERTY

property of Muscat. In 1852 the Persians expelled the Muscat authorities from Bander Abbasi and its district, but retired when Muscat agreed to pay an increased rent.

By a treaty concluded between Persia and Muscat in 1856 it was stipulated that Bander Abbasi town and district and the islands were to be considered Persian territory and leased to Muscat at an See also:

ANNUAL

annual rent of 14,000 tomans (£6000). The treaty was to have been in force for twenty years, but in 1866 the Persians took See also:

ADVANTAGE

advantage of the assassination of Seyed Thuweini, the sultan of Muscat, to instal as governor of Bander Abbasi and district a nominee of their own who agreed to pay a rent of 20,000 tomans per annum. Further difficulties arising between Persia and Muscat, and the ruler of the latter, then in possession of a powerful See also:

FLEET

fleet, threatening to See also:

blockade Bander Abbasi, the Persian government solicited the See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good offices of the See also:

BRITISH

British government, and the See also:

LEASE (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. laxare, to loosen)

lease was renewed for another eight years upon payment of 30,000 tomans per annum (then about £12,000). This was in 1868. In the same See also:

YEAR

year, however, the sultan of Muscat was expelled by a successful revolt, and the Persian government, in virtue of a clause in the lease allowing them to See also:

CANCEL (from the Lat. cancelli, a plural diminutive of cancer, a grating or lattice, from which are also derived " chancel " and " chancellor ")

cancel the See also:

contract if a conqueror obtained possession of Muscat, installed their own governor at Bander Abbasi and 312 have retained possession of the place ever since (see Curzon, Persia, ii. 424). Bander Abbasi has a lively trade, exporting much of the produce of central and See also:

south-eastern Persia and supplying imports to those districts and See also:

KHORASAN, or KHORASSAN (i.e. " land of the sun ")

Khorasan. It has See also:

TELEGRAPH (Gr. Tike, far, and rypaq5eiv, to write)

telegraph and See also:

POST

post offices, and the See also:

MAIL

mail steamers of the British See also:

India See also:

Steam See also:

NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

Navigation See also:

COMPANY

Company See also:

CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call at the port weekly. See also:

GREAT

Great See also:

BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain and See also:

Russia are represented there by consuls. From 189o—1905 the See also:

TOTAL

total value of the exports and imports from and into Bander Abbasi averaged about £66o,000 per annum, £260,000 (£r55,000 British) being for exports, £400,000 (£340,000 British) imports. Of the 255,000 tons of See also:

SHIPPING

shipping which in 1905 entered Bander Abbasi 237,000 were British. (A.

End of Article: BANDER ABBASI (also BENDER ABBAS, and other forms)

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