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BASIL II

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 468 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BASIL II ., called TEMNY (" the See also:BLIND ") (1415-1462), son of the preceding, succeeded his See also:father as See also:grand-See also:duke of See also:Moscow in 1425. He was a See also:man of small ability and unusual timidity, though not without tenacity of purpose. Nevertheless, during his reign Moscow steadily increased in See also:power, as if to show that the See also:personality of the grand-See also:dukes had become quite a subordinate See also:factor in its development. In 1430 Basil was seized by his See also:uncle, See also:George of See also:Halicz, and sent a prisoner to See also:Kostroma; but the nation, dissatisfied with George, released Basil and in 1433 he returned in See also:triumph to Moscow. ' George, however, took the See also:field against him and Basil fled to See also:Novgorod. On the See also:death of George, Basil was at See also:constant variance with George's See also:children, one of whom, Basil, he had blinded; but in 1445 the grand-duke See also:fell into the hands of blind Basil's See also:brother, Shemyak, and was himself deprived of his sight and banished to See also:Uglich (1445). The See also:clergy and See also:people, however, being devoted to the grand-duke, assisted him not only to recover his See also:throne a second See also:time, but to put Shemyak to See also:flight, and to seize Halicz, his patrimony. During the See also:remainder of Basil II.'s reign he slowly and unobtrusively added See also:district after district to the grand-duchy of Muscovy, so that, in See also:fine, only the republics of Novgorod and See also:Pskov and the principalities of See also:Tver and Vereya remained See also:independent of Moscow. Yet all this time the See also:realm was overrun continually by the See also:Tatars and See also:Lithuanians, and suffered severely from their depredations. Basil's reign saw the See also:foundation of the Solovetsk monastery and the rise of the khanate of the See also:Crimea. In 1448 the See also:north See also:Russian See also:Church became virtually independent of the patriarchal see of See also:Constantinople by adopting the practice of selecting its See also:metropolitan from among native priests and prelates exclusively. See S.

M. Solovev, See also:

History of See also:Russia (Russ.), (See also:Petersburg, 1895).

End of Article: BASIL II

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