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TVER , a See also:town of See also:Russia, See also:capital of the See also:government of the same name, 104 M. by See also:rail N.W. of See also:Moscow, on both See also:banks of the See also:Volga (here crossed by a floating See also:bridge) at its confluence with the Tvertsa. The See also:low right See also:bank is protected from inundations by a See also:dam. Pop. (1885), 39,28o; (1900), 45,644. Tver is an archiepiscopal see of the Orthodox See also:Greek See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church. The See also:oldest church See also:dates from 1564, and the See also:cathedral from 1689. A public See also:garden occupies the site of the former fortress. The See also:city possesses a See also:good archaeological museum, housed in a former imperial See also:palace. The See also:industries have See also:developed greatly, especially those in See also:cotton, the See also:chief See also:works being cotton and See also:flour See also:mills, but there are also machinery works, See also:glass works, saw-mills, tanneries, railway See also:carriage works and a steamer-See also:building See also:wharf. Among the domestic industries are See also:nail-making and the manufacture of See also:hosiery for export to Moscow and St See also:Peters-See also:burg. The See also:traffic of the town is considerable, Tver being an intermediate See also:place for the See also:trade of both capitals with the governments of the upper Volga.
Tver dates its origin from 118o, when a fort was erected at the mouth of the Tvertsa to protect the Suzdal principality against See also:Novgorod. In the 13th See also:century it became the capital of an See also:independent principality, and remained so until the end of the 15th century. See also:Michael, See also:prince of Tver, was killed (1318) fighting against the See also:Tatars, as also was See also:Alexander his son. It See also:long remained an open question whether Moscow or Tver would ultimately gain the supremacy in See also:Great Russia, and it was only with the help of the Tatars that the princes of the former eventually succeeded in breaking down the See also:independence of Tver. In 1486, when the city was almost entirely burned down by the Muscovites, the son of See also:Ivan III. became prince of Tver; the final See also:annexation to Moscow followed four years later. In 1570 Tver had to endure, for some See also:reason now
difficult to understand, the vengeance of Ivan the Terrible, who ordered the See also:massacre of 90,000 inhabitants of the principality. In 1609-1612 the city was plundered both by the followers of the second false See also:Demetrius and by the Poles.
End of Article: TVER
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