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PETERS, KARL (1856– )

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 300 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PETERS, KARL (1856– ) , See also:German traveller in See also:Africa, one of the founders of German See also:East Africa, was See also:born at Neuhaus on the See also:Elbe on the 27th of See also:September 1856, the son of a Lutheran clergyman. He studied at See also:Gottingen, See also:Tubingen and See also:Berlin, and in 1879 was awarded a See also:gold See also:medal by the Berlin University for his Frieden zu Venedig. After visiting See also:London to study See also:English principles of colonization, he returned to Berlin and promoted the German Colonization Society (Deutsche Kolonialverein). In the autumn of 1884 he proceeded with two companions to East Africa, and concluded in the name of his society See also:treaties with the chiefs of Useguha, Nguru, Usagara and Ukami. Returning to See also:Europe See also:early in 1885, he formed the German East Africa See also:Company, which speedily obtained an imperial See also:charter. The See also:story of this enterprise, the first step in the formation of a German See also:colony in East Africa, is told under AFRICA, § 5. In 1888 Peters undertook an expedition from the east See also:coast of Africa, avowedly for the See also:relief of Emin See also:Pasha. This expedition was not sr nctioned by the German See also:government and was regardedby the See also:British authorities as a filibustering exploit. One of its See also:objects was to extend the See also:sphere of German See also:influence, and, reaching See also:Uganda early in 1890, Peters concluded a treaty with the See also:king of that See also:country in favour of See also:Germany. He See also:left Uganda hastily on the approach of a representative of the British East Africa Company, and on reaching See also:Zanzibar learned that his treaty was useless, as an agreement had been come to between Germany and See also:Great See also:Britain whereby Uganda was left in the British sphere. On his return to Germany Peters was received with great honours, and in 1891 published an See also:account of his expedition entitled See also:Die deutsche Emin Pasha Expedition, which was translated into English. In 1891 he went out again to East Africa as imperial high See also:commissioner for the See also:Kilimanjaro See also:district, and in 1892 was one of the commissioners for delimiting the Anglo-German boundary in that region.

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June 1892 accusations were brought against him of excesses in his treatment of the natives, and after three investigations had been held he was, in 1897, deprived of his See also:commission for " misuse of See also:official See also:power." (He was regranted his See also:title of imperial commissioner in 1906.) During 1893–1895 Peters was employed in the colonial See also:office at Berlin. In 1896 he removed to London, where he occupied himself in schemes for exploiting parts of See also:Rhodesia and Portuguese East Africa. In the interests of a company he formed, Peters explored the Fura district and Macombe's country on the See also:Zambezi, where in 1899 he discovered ruins of See also:ancient cities and deserted gold mines. He returned in 1901 and gave an account of his explorations in The Eldorado of the Ancients (1902). In 1905 he again visited the region between the Zambezi and Sabi See also:rivers. Besides the books already mentioned and some smaller See also:treatises Peters published a philosophic See also:work entitled Willenswelt and Weltwille (1883), and a disquisition on early gold See also:production entitled Das goldene See also:Ophir Salomos (1895), translated into English in 1898.

End of Article: PETERS, KARL (1856– )

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