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ZANZIBAR , an See also:East See also:African seaport, See also:capital of the See also:island and sultanate of the same name, in 6° 9' S., 390 15' E. The See also:town is situated on the western See also:side of the island, 26 m. N.E. of the mainland See also:port of See also:Bagamoyo, which is visible from Zanzibar in very clear See also:weather. Zanzibar is built on a triangular-shaped See also:peninsula about a mile and a See also:half See also:long which runs from east to See also:west, forming a safe and spacious roadstead or See also:bay with a minimum See also:depth of See also:water exceeding five fathoms. Ocean steamers See also:anchor in the roadstead and are loaded and discharged by lighters. The See also:harbour, frequented by See also:British, See also:German and See also:French steamers, warships and Arab dhows, affords a See also:constant See also:scene of animation. Viewed from the See also:sea, the town presents a pleasant prospect with its mosques, See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white See also:flat-topped houses, See also:barracks, forts, and See also:round towers. The most prominent buildings are the See also:Sultan's See also:palace and the See also:Government offices (formerly the British consulate), the last-named situated at the Point, the See also:south-west See also:horn of the bay. To the See also:left of the palace—viewed from the sea—is the " See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone See also:ship," a See also:series of water tanks (now disused) the front of which is cleverly carved to resemble a ship. The town consists of two quarters—Shangani, the centre of See also:trade and See also:residence of the sultan, and the eastern suburb, formerly separated from the See also:rest of the town by the Malagash See also:lagoon, an inlet of the sea, now drained. For the most See also:part Zanzibar consists of a See also:labyrinth of narrow and dirty streets, in which live the Banyans, Singalese, the See also:negro porters, fishermen and half-castes. There are numerous markets. In Shangani are the houses of the See also:European merchants and the See also:chief See also:Arabs, and the headquarters of various See also:Protestant and See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:missions. Characteristic of the streets are the carved and massive wooden doors, whose blackness contrasts with the white stone of the houses, and the See also:bright red of the acacias in the See also:garden enclosures. Ndia Kun or See also:Main Road extends from the Sultan's palace to the (new) British Agency at Mnazi Moja, a castellated See also:building situated in beautiful grounds. Along this thoroughfare are the See also:custom See also:house, the See also:post See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office buildings (an imposing edifice) and several consulates. In a turning off Main See also:Street is the residence of Tippoo Tib (now an hotel). Next to this house is the See also:English See also:Club, and in the same street are the See also:law courts (built 1909-1o). The See also:Anglican See also:cathedral (built 1873-79) a semi-See also:Gothic See also:coral building, occupies the site of the old slave See also:market. The Roman Catholic cathedral—in the See also:Renaissance See also:style—is one of the finest buildings in East See also:Africa. On the outskirts of the town at Mnazi Moja is a public See also:park, a See also:golf course and See also:cricket ground. Zanzibar is well supplied with pure water brought from the neighbouring hills.
Submarine cables connect Zanzibar with all parts of the See also:world; whilst lines of steamships from See also:Europe and See also:India make it a See also:regular port of See also:call. It was not, however, until 1910 that See also:direct steamship communication with See also:London was established. The See also:average See also:annual value of the See also:external trade for the five years 1902—6 was: imports, £1,075,580; exports, £1,084,224. In 1907 the imports were valued at £1,232,957, the exports at £1,070,067. The figures for 1908 were: imports, £969,841; exports, £977,628. Many of the imports brought from the neighbouring mainland also figure as exports. Of these the most important are See also:ivory, and See also:rhinoceros horn, See also:- GUM (Fr. gomme, Lat. gommi, Gr. Kµµ1, possibly a Coptic word; distinguish " gum," the fleshy covering of the base of a tooth, in O. Eng. gbma, palate, cf. Ger. Gaumen, roof of the mouth; the ultimate origin is probably the root gha, to open wide, seen in
gum See also:copal, hides and skins. See also:Cloves, clove stems and See also:copra are the chief exports, the See also:production of the island. The bulk of the articles named, with the exception of copra, are sent to the See also:United See also:Kingdom; India, however, has a larger trade with Zanzibar than any other See also:country. From it are imported See also:food stuffs (See also:rice, See also:grain, See also:flour, See also:ghee, groceries) and piece goods. The copra is sent almost exclusively to See also:Marseilles. The most valuable articles of import are piece goods and rice. The piece goods come chiefly from the United Kingdom, India, See also:America and the See also:Netherlands, the rice entirely from India. Other imports of value are building material, See also:coal, See also:petroleum and See also:sugar.
The See also:motley See also:population of Zanzibar is indicative of the commercial importance of the See also:city. Its See also:geographical position has made it the See also:key of East Africa from Cape Guardafui to Delagoa Bay. " When you See also:play on the See also:flute at Zanzibar " (says an Arab See also:- PROVERB (Lat. proverbium, from pro, forth, publicly, verbum, word; the Greek equivalent is irapolµia, from 7rapa, alongside, and oiµos, way, road, i.e. a wayside saying; Ger. Sprichwort)
proverb) " all Africa as far as the lakes dances." From the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time (1832) when Seyyid Said of See also:Muscat fixed on the town as the capital of his See also:empire, Zanzibar became the centre of the trade between the African See also:continent, India, See also:Arabia and the See also:Persian Gulf, as well as See also:Madagascar and the See also:Mauritius. It also speedily obtained a large trade with Europe and America. The Americans were the first among white merchants to realize the possibilities of the port, and a United States consulate was established as See also:early as 1836. The name Merikani, applied to See also:cotton goods and blankets on the east See also:coast, is a testimony to the enterprise of the See also:American trader. Zanzibar is to a greater degree than any other city the capital of negro Africa; made so, however, not by the negroes but by Arab conquerors and traders. The aspect of the city has changed since the See also:establishment of the British See also:protectorate, the suppression of the slave market and of See also:slavery itself, and the enforcement of sanitation; but See also:Professor See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry See also:Drummond in Tropical Africa (1888) aptly sketched the characteristics of Zanzibar in pre-protectorate days when he wrote of it as a " cesspool of wickedness See also:Oriental in its See also:appearance, Mahomrnedan in its See also:religion, Arabian in its morals . . . a See also:fit capital for the Dark Continent." Nevertheless Zanzibar in those days was the See also:focus of all exploring and missionary See also:work for the interior, the portal through which civilizing influences penetrated into the eastern See also:section of See also:equatorial Africa. The growth of the British and German protectorates on the neighbouring shores led in the early years of the loth See also:century to considerable trade which had hitherto gone through Zanzibar being diverted to See also:Mombasa and See also:Dar-es-See also:Salaam, but Zanzibar maintains its supremacy as the See also:great distributing centre for the eastern seaboard.
End of Article: ZANZIBAR
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