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BBB

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 950 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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BBB , is termed a See also:

CURVE (Lat. curvus, bent)

curve The stresses at a transverse See also:

section due to bending are obtained from the usual See also:

formula M =y, where M is the bending moment, I the moment of inertia of the section about the neutral See also:

AXIS (Lat. for " axle ")

axis, y the distance from the neutral axis of the point at which the stress is required, and p the intensity of stress. In calculating I, a See also:

DEDUCTION (from Lat. deducere, to take or lead from or out of, derive)

deduction from the See also:

AREA

area of plating in tension is made for See also:

RIVET (0. Fr. rivet, from river, to fix, fasten together, of unknown origin; Skeat compares Icel. rifa, to stitch together)

rivet holes, and only the continuous See also:

LONGITUDINAL

longitudinal portions of the structure are assumed effective in resisting bending. The stresses • obtained by this method undergo considerable variation with class and See also:

SIZE

size of See also:

SHIP

ship. As regards the former, it is evident that the actual straining actions upon a ship necessarily vary with the type;- and the stresses allowable, as calculated on a See also:

UNIFORM

uniform basis of applied forces, must vary accordingly. The variation due to size is less obvious, but it is clear that the larger the ship, the less is the See also:

PROBABILITY (Lat. probabilis, probable or credible)

probability of encountering waves as See also:

long as herself ; and, moreover, the proportion of height to length of the largest waves is generally-less than that assumed. For these reasons greater calculated stresses are allowable in large See also:

SHIPS

ships than in small ships or in those of moderate size. The limiting stress frequently adopted for small ships is 6 tons per sq. in., which may be increased for portions in tension to 8 tons with high tensile See also:

STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

steel ; on the other See also:

hand, the calculated stresses in the largest vessels frequently exceed 8 tons compressive and to tons tensile. The above method is that now universally adopted for comparing the stresses in ships caused by longitudinal bending; although imperfect, it affords a reasonable basis of comparison between the longitudinal strengths of vessels, especially when, as is generallyon See also:

TORPEDO

Torpedo-See also:

BOAT (0. Eng. bdt; the true etymological connexion with Dutch and Ger. boot, Fr. bateau, Ital. battello presents great difficulties; Celtic forms are from O. Eng.)

Boat Destroyers (see Trans. Inst. See also:

NAY, or NEY

Nay. Archs., 1905). The See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal dimensions of the " See also:

Wolf " are—length 210 ft., breadth 21.7 ft., See also:

DRAUGHT (from the common Teutonic word " to draw "; cf. Ger. 7'racht, load; the pronunciation led to the variant form " draft," now confined to certain specific meanings)

draught 5 3 ft., and displacement 36o tons, with a See also:

COAL

coal capacity of 8o tons.

Two sets of experiments were made—(i.) under a hogging moment when supported in See also:

DOCK

dock on two cradles to ft: wide, spaced 26 ft. apart centre to centre, and equidistant from the ship's centre of gravity, bunkers empty ; (ii.) under a sagging moment when supported by similar blocks 120 ft. apart, bunkers full. The See also:

DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution of See also:

WEIGHT

weight and buoyancy had previously been determined for each See also:

case so that the pressures on the blocks and the bending moments caused thereby could be accurately; obtained. When thus supported the See also:

WATER

water-level in the dock was gradually lowered; and for successive water-levels spaced 6 in. apart the See also:

EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension or See also:

COMPRESSION

compression of the plating was measured at various points of the structure by Stromeyer's See also:

STRAIN (through O. Fr. straindre, estraindre, mod. i treindre, from Lat. stringere, to draw tight, related to stress, stretch, string, &c.)

strain indicators; the See also:

VERTICAL (from Lat. vertex, highest point)

vertical deflections at various points of the length were also recorded. The observations were repeated several times, and the following are the See also:

general results: (a) In the sagging See also:

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition the neutral axis was actually situated 755 ft. above the See also:

KEEL

keel; the calculated distance was 7 8 ft. de-ducting rivet holes in parts in tension and 7 7 ft. without such deduction. In the hogging condition the observed height was 7.2 ft., those calculated as before being 7 5 ft. and 7 6 ft. All See also:

shell and See also:

DECK

deck plating, gunwale and keelson angles, and the See also:

side girders and angles were included in the calculation for the moment of(inertia. The calculated and observed positions of the neutral axis are thus in fairly See also:

close agreement.

End of Article: BBB

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