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BERT, PAUL (1833-1886)
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See also:BERT, See also:PAUL (1833-1886) , See also:French physiologist and politician, was See also:born at See also:Auxerre (See also:Yonne) on the 17th of See also:October 1833. He entered the Lcole Polytechnique at See also:Paris with the intention of becoming an engineer; then changing his mind, he studied See also:law; and finally, under the See also:influence of the zoologist, L. P. Gratiolet (1815-1865), he took up See also:physiology, becoming one of See also:Claude See also:Bernard's most brilliant pupils. After graduating at Paris as See also:doctor of See also:medicine in 1863, and doctor of See also:science in 1866, he was appointed See also:professor of physiology successively at See also:Bordeaux (1866) and the See also:Sorbonne (1869). After the revolution of 1870 he began to take See also:part in politics as a supporter of See also:Gambetta. In 1874 he was elected to the See also:Assembly, where he sat on the extreme See also:left, and in 1876 to the chamber of deputies. He was one of the most determined enemies of clericalism, and an ardent See also:advocate of " liberating See also:national See also:education fromreligious sects, while rendering it accessible to every See also:citizen." In 1881 he was See also:minister of education and See also:worship in Gambetta's See also:short-lived See also:cabinet, and in the same See also:year he created a See also:great sensation by a lecture on See also:modern Catholicism, delivered in a Paris See also:theatre, in which he poured ridicule on the fables and follies of the See also:chief religious tracts and handbooks that circulated especially in the See also:south of See also:France. See also:Early in 1886 he was appointed See also:resident-See also:general in See also:Annam and Tonkin, and died of See also:dysentery at See also:Hanoi on the 11th of See also:November of that year. But he was more distinguished as a See also:man of science than as a politician or See also:administrator. His classical See also:work, La Pression barometrique (1878), embodies researches that gained him the biennial See also:prize of 20,000 francs from the See also:Academy of Sciences in 1875, and is a comprehensive investigation on the physiological effects of See also:air-pressure, both above and below the normal. His earliest researches, which provided him with material for his two doctoral theses, were devoted to See also:animal grafting and the vitality of animal tissues, and they were followed by studies on the physiological See also:action of various poisons, on anaesthetics, on respiration and See also:asphyxia, on the causes of the See also:change of See also:colour in the See also:chameleon, &c. He was also interested in See also:vegetable physiology, and in particular investigated the movements of the sensitive plant, and the influence of See also:light of different See also:colours on the See also:life of vegetation. After about 188o he produced several elementary See also:text-books of scientific instruction, and also various publications on educational and allied subjects. Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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