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CARBON BISULPHIDE, CS2
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See also:CARBON BISULPHIDE, CS2 , a chemical product first discovered in 1796 by W. A. Lampadius, who obtained it by See also:heating a mixture of See also:charcoal and See also:pyrites. It may be more conveniently prepared by passing the vapour of See also:sulphur over red hot See also:char-See also:coal, the unccndensed gases so produced being led into a See also:tower containing plates over which a See also:vegetable oil is allowed to flow in See also:order to absorb any carbon bisulphide vapour, and then into a second tower containing See also:lime, which absorbs any sulphuretted See also:hydrogen. The crude product is very impure and possesses an offensive See also:smell; it may be purified by forcing a See also:fine spray of lime See also:water through the liquid until the escaping water is quite clear, the washed bisulphide being then mixed with a little colourless oil and distilled at a See also:low temperature. For further methods of See also:purification see J. See also:Singer (Journ. of See also:Soc. Chem. Ind., 1889, p. 93), Th. Sidot (Jahresb., 1869, p. 243), E. Allary (See also:Bull. de la Soc. See also:Chin., 1881, 35, p. 491), E. Obach (Jour. prak. Chem., 1882 (2), 26, p. 282). When perfectly pure, carbon bisulphide is a colourless, some-what pleasant smelling, highly refractive liquid, of specific gravity 1.2661 (18°/4°) (J. W. Briihl) or 1.29215 (0°/4°) (T. E. See also:Thorpe). It boils at 46•o4° C. (T. E. Thorpe, Journ. Chem. Soc., 188o, 37, p. 364). Its See also:critical temperature is 277.7° C., and its critical pressure is 78.1 atmos. (J. See also:Dewar, Chem. See also:News, 1885, 51, p. 27). It solidifies at about -116° C., and liquefies again at about -110° C. (K. Olszewski, Jahresb., 1883, p. 75). It is a mono-molecular liquid (W. See also:Ramsay and J. See also:Shields, Jour. Chem. Soc., 1893, 63, p. 1089). It is very volatile, the vapour being heavy and very inflammable. It See also:burns with a See also:pale See also:blue See also:flame to See also:form carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. It is almost insoluble in water, but mixes in all proportions with See also:absolute See also:alcohol, See also:ether, See also:benzene and various See also:oils. It is a See also:good solvent for sulphur, See also:phosphorus, See also:wax, See also:iodine, &c. It dissociates when heated to a sufficiently high temperature. A mixture of carbon bisulphide vapour and nitric See also:oxide burns with a very intense blue-coloured flame, which is very See also:rich in the See also:violet or actinic rays. When. heated with water in a sealed See also:tube to 15o° C. it yields carbon dioxide and sulphuretted hydrogen. See also:Zinc and hydrochloric See also:acid reduce it to tri-thioformaldehyde (CH2S)3 (A. See also:Girard, Comptes rendus, 1856, 43, p. 396). When passed through a red-hot tube with See also:chlorine it yields carbon tetrachloride and sulphur chloride (H. See also:Kolbe). See also:Potassium, when heated, burns in the vapour of carbon bisulphide, forming potassium sulphide and liberating carbon. In contact with chlorine monoxide it forms carbonyl chloride and thionyl'.chloride (P. Schiitzenberger, Ber., 1869, 2, p. 219). When passed with carbon dioxide through a red-hot tube it yields carbon oxysulphide, See also:COS (C. Winkler), and when passed over sodamide it yields ammonium thiocyanate. A mixture of carbon bisulphide vapour and sulphuretted hydrogen, when passed over heated See also:copper, gives, amongst other products, some methane. Carbon bisulphide slowly oxidizes on exposure to See also:air, but by the See also:action of potassium permanganate or chromic acid it is readily oxidized to carbon dioxide and sulphuric acid. By the action of aqueous alkalis, carbon bisulphide is converted into a mixture of an alkaline carbonate and an alkaline thiocarbonate (J. See also:Berzelius, Pogg. See also:Ann.,1825, 6, p. 444), 6KHO -+CS2 = K2CO3+2K2CS3+3H20 ; on the other See also:hand, an alcoholic See also:solution of a See also:caustic See also:alkali converts it into a xanthate (A. See also:Vogel, Jahresb., 1853, p. 643), CS2+KHO+R•OH = See also:H2O+RO•CS•SK. Aqueous and alcoholic solutions of See also:ammonia convert carbon bisulphide into ammonium dithiocarbamate, which readily breaks down into ammonium thiocyanate and- sulphuretted hydrogen (A. W. See also:Hofmann), CS2+2NH3-NH2•CSS•NH4- H2S+NH4CNS. Carbon bisulphide combines with See also:primary See also:amines to form alkyl dithiocarbamates, which when heated lose sulphuretted hydrogen and leave a See also:residue of a dialkyl thio-See also:urea, CS2+2R•NH2– R•NH•CSS•NH3R–)CS(NHR)2+H2S; or if the aqueous solution of the dithiocarbamate be boiled with mercuric chloride or See also:silver nitrate solution, a See also:mustard oil (q.v.) is formed, R•NH•CSS•NHiR+HgCIi-Hg(R•NH•CSS)i- 2RNCS+HgS+H2S. Carbon bisulphide is used as a solvent for caoutchouc, for extracting essential oils, as a germicide, and as an insecticide. Carbon monosulphide, CS, is formed when a silent electric See also:discharge is passed through a mixture of carbon bisulphide vapour and hydrogen or carbon monoxide (S. M. Losanitsch and M. Z. Jovitschitsch, Ber., 1897, 30, P. 135). Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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