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KOLBE, ADOLPHE WILHELM HERMANN (1818–...

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 888 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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KOLBE, ADOLPHE WILHELM See also:HERMANN (1818–1884) , See also:German chemist, was See also:born on the 27th of See also:September 1818 at Elliehausen, near See also:Gottingen, where in 1838 he began to study See also:chemistry under F. See also:Wohler. In 1842 he became assistant to R. W. von See also:Bunsen at See also:Marburg, and three years later to See also:Lyon See also:Playfair at See also:London. From 1847 to 1851 he was engaged at See also:Brunswick in editing the See also:Dictionary of Chemistry started by See also:Liebig, but in the latter See also:year he went to Marburg as successor to Bunsen in the See also:chair of chemistry. In 1865 he was called to See also:Leipzig in the same capacity, and he died in that See also:city on the 25th of See also:November 1884. Kolbe had an important See also:share in the See also:great development of chemical theory that occurred about the See also:middle of the 19th See also:century, especially in regard to the constitution of organic compounds, which he viewed as derivatives of inorganic ones, formed from the latter—in some cases directly —by See also:simple processes of substitution. Unable to accept See also:Berzelius's See also:doctrine of the unalterability of organic radicals, he also gave a new See also:interpretation to the meaning of copulae under the See also:influence of his See also:fellow-worker See also:Edward See also:Frankland's conception of definite atomic saturation-capacities, and thus contributed in an important degree to the subsequent See also:establishment of the structure theory. Kolbe was a very successful teacher, a ready and vigorous writer, and a brilliant experimentalist whose See also:work revealed the nature of many compounds the See also:composition of which had not prevously been understood. He published a Lehrbuch der organischen Chemie in 1854, smaller textbooks of organic and inorganic chemistry in 1877–1883, and Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der theoretischen Chemie in 1881. From x870 he was editor of the See also:Journal See also:fur praktische Chemie, in which many trenchant criticisms of contemporary chemists and their doctrines appeared from his See also:pen.

End of Article: KOLBE, ADOLPHE WILHELM HERMANN (1818–1884)

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