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CRYOLITE , a See also:mineral discovered in See also:Greenland by the Danes in 1794, and found to be a See also:compound of See also:fluorine, See also:sodium and See also:aluminium. From its See also:general See also:appearance, and from the fact that it melts readily, even in a See also:candle-See also:flame, it was regarded by the Eskimos as a See also:peculiar See also:kind of See also:ice; from this fact it acquired the name of cryolite (from Gr. icpboc, See also:- FROST (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch, vorst, Ger. Frost, from the common Teutonic verb meaning " to freeze," Dutch, vriezcn, Ger. frieren; the Indo-European root is seen in Lat. pruina, hoar-frost, cf. prurire, to itch, burn, pruna, burning coal, Sans
- FROST, WILLIAM EDWARD (1810–1877)
frost, and ki.See also:Bos, See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone). Cryolite occurs in colourless or See also:snow-See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white cleavable masses, often tinted See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
brown or red with See also:iron See also:oxide, and occasionally passing into a See also:black variety. It is usually translucent, becoming nearly transparent on See also:immersion in See also:water. The mineral cleaves in three rectangular directions, and the crystals occasionally found in the crevices have a cubic See also:habit, but it has been proved, after much discussion, that they belong to the anorthic See also:system. The hardness is 2.5, and the specific gravity 3. Cryolite has the See also:formula Na3AIF6, or 3NaF•AlF3, corresponding to fluorine 54.4, sodium 32.8, and aluminium 12.8%. It See also:colours a flame yellow, through the presence of sodium, and when heated with sulphuric See also:acid it evolves hydrofluoric acid.
Cryolite occurs almost exclusively at Ivigtut (sometimes written Evigtok) on the Arksut See also:Fjord in S.W. Greenland. There it forms a large See also:deposit, in a granitic vein See also:running through See also:gneiss, and is accompanied by See also:quartz, siderite, See also:galena, See also:blende, chalcopyrite, &c. It is also associated with a See also:group of kindred minerals, some of which are evidently products of alteration of the cryolite, known as pachnolite, thomsenolite, ralstonite, gearksutite, arksutite, &c. Cryolite likewise occurs, though only to a limited extent, at Miyask, in the Ilmen Mountains; at See also:Pike's See also:Peak, See also:Colorado, and in the Yellowstone See also:Park.
Cryolite is a mineral of much economic importance. It has been extensively used as a source of metallic aluminium, and as a See also:flux in smelting the See also:- METAL
- METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)
metal. It is largely employed in the manufacture of certain sodium salts, as suggested by See also:Julius See also:Thomsen, of See also:Copenhagen, in 1849; and it has been used for the See also:production of certain kinds of See also:porcelain and See also:glass, remarkable for its toughness, and for enamelled See also:ware.
Although cryolite is known as ice-stone " (Eisstein), it is not to be confused with "ice-spar" (Eisspath), which is a vitreous kind of See also:felspar termed " glassy felspar" or
rhyacolite_ (F. W.
End of Article: CRYOLITE
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