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See also:FERDINAND III . (1769-1824), See also:grand See also:duke of See also:Tuscany, and See also:archduke of See also:Austria, second son of the See also:emperor See also:Leopold II., was See also:born on the 6th of May 1769. On his See also:father becoming emperor in 1790, he succeeded him as grand duke of Tuscany. Ferdinand was one of the first sovereigns to enter into See also:diplomatic relations with the See also:French See also:republic (1793); and although, a few months later, he was compelled by See also:England and See also:Russia to join the See also:coalition against See also:France, he concluded See also:peace with that See also:power in 1795, and by observing a strict See also:neutrality saved his dominions from invasion by the French, except for a temporary occupation of Livorno, till 1799, when he was compelled to vacate his See also:throne, and a provisional Republican See also:government was established at See also:Florence. Shortly afterwards the French arms suffered severe reverses in See also:Italy, and Ferdinand was restored to his territories; but in 18o1, by the peace of See also:Luneville, Tuscany was converted into the See also:kingdom of See also:Etruria, and he was again compelled to return to See also:Vienna. In lieu of the See also:sovereignty of Tuscany, he obtained in 1802 the electorship of See also:Salzburg, which he exchanged by the peace of See also:Pressburg in 1805 for that of See also:Wurzburg. In 18o6 he was admitted as grand duke of Wurzburg to the See also:confederation of the See also:Rhine. He was restored to the throne of Tuscany after the See also:abdication of See also:Napoleon in 1814 and was received with See also:enthusiasm by the See also:people, but had again to vacate his See also:capital for a See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time in 1815, when See also:Murat proclaimed See also:war against Austria. The final overthrow of the French supremacy at the See also:battle of See also:Waterloo secured him, however, in the undisturbed See also:possession of his grand duchy during the See also:remainder of his See also:life. The restoration in Tuscany was not accompanied by the reactionary excesses which characterized it elsewhere, and a large See also:part of the French. legislation was retained. His See also:prime See also:minister was See also:Count V. See also:Fossombroni (q.v.). The mild See also:rule of Ferdinand, his solicitude for the welfare of his subjects,
his enlightened patronage of See also:art and See also:science, his encouragement of See also:commerce, and his See also:toleration render him an See also:honourable exception to the generality of See also:Italian princes. At the same time his paternal despotism tended to emasculate the Tuscan See also:character. He died in See also:June 1824, and was succeeded by his son Leopold II. (q.v.).
End of Article: FERDINAND III
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