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HAIDINGER, WILHELM KARL, RITTER VON (...

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 820 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HAIDINGER, WILHELM KARL, See also:RITTER VON (1795-1871) , See also:Austrian mineralogist, geologist and physicist, was See also:born at See also:Vienna on the 5th of See also:February 1795. His See also:father, Karl Haidinger, contributed largely to the development of mineralogical See also:science in the latter See also:half of the 18th See also:century. Having studied at the normal school of St See also:Anne, and attended classes at the university, Wilhelm, at the See also:age of seventeen, joined See also:Professor F. See also:Mohs at Gratz, and five years later accompanied the professor to See also:Freiberg on the See also:transfer of his labours to the See also:mining See also:academy of that See also:town. In 1822 Haidinger visited See also:France and See also:England with See also:Count Breunner, and, journeying northward, took up his See also:abode in See also:Edinburgh. He translated into See also:English, with additions of his own, Mohs's Grundriss der Mineralogie, published at Edinburgh in three volumes under the See also:title See also:Treatise on See also:Mineralogy (1825). After a tour in See also:northern See also:Europe, including the Scandinavian mining districts, he undertook the scientific direction of the See also:porcelain See also:works at Elbogen, belonging to his See also:brothers. In 1840 he was appointed counsellor of mines (Bergrat) at Vienna in the See also:place of Professor Mohs, a See also:post which included the See also:charge of the imperial See also:cabinet of minerals. He devoted himself to the re-arrangement and enrichment of the collections, and the museum became the first in Europe. Shortly after (1843) Haidinger commenced a See also:series of lectures on mineralogy, which was given to the See also:world under the title Handbuch der bestimmenden Mineralogic (Vienna, 1845; tables, 1846). On the See also:establishment of the imperial See also:geological See also:institute, he was chosen director (1849); and this important position he occupied for seventeen years. He was elected a member of the imperial See also:board of See also:agriculture and mines, and a member of the imperial academy of sciences of Vienna.

He organized the society of the Freunde der Naturwissenschaften. As a physicist Haidinger ranked high, and he was one of the most active promoters of scientific progress in See also:

Austria. He was the discoverer of the interesting See also:optical appearances which have been called after him " Haidinger's brushes." Knighted in 1865, the following See also:year he retired to his See also:estate at Dornbach near Vienna, where he died on the 19th of See also:March 1871. In addition to the works already named, Haidinger published Anfangsgriinde der Mineralogie (See also:Leipzig, 1829); Geognostische Ubersichtskarte der osterreich. Monarchic (Vienna, 1847) ; Bemerkungen fiber See also:die Anordnung der kleinsten Theilchen in Christallen (Vienna, 1853); Interferenzlinien am Glimmer (Vienna, 1855) ; Vergleichungen von Augil and Amphibol (Vienna, 1855). He also edited the Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (Vienna, 1847) ; the Berichte fiber die Mittheilungen von Freunden der Nalurwissenschaften in Wien (Vienna, 1847—1851); and the Jahrbuch of the Vienna K. K. Geologische Reichsanstalt (185o), &c. Some of his papers will be found in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (vol. x.) and of the Wernerian Society (1822—1823), Edinburgh Phil. See also:Journal, See also:Brewster's Journal of Science, and See also:Poggendorff's Annalen. (H. B.

End of Article: HAIDINGER, WILHELM KARL, RITTER VON (1795-1871)

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