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HARDY BIENNIALS

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 767 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HARDY BIENNIALS .—Biennials live through one See also:winter See also:period. They require to be sown in the summer months, about See also:June or See also:July, in See also:order to get established before winter; they should be pricked out as soon as large enough, and should have ample space so as to become hardy and stocky. They should be planted in See also:good See also:soil, but not of too stimulating a See also:character. Those that are perfectly hardy are best planted where they are to See also:flower in good See also:time during autumn. This transplanting acts as a See also:kind of check, which is rather beneficial than otherwise. Of those that are liable to suffer injury in winter, as the See also:Brompton and See also:Queen See also:Stocks, a portion should be potted and wintered in See also:cold frames ventilated as freely as the See also:weather will permit. The number of biennials is not large, but a few very desirable See also:garden See also:plants, such as the following, occur amongst them: Agrostemma coronaria (See also:Rose See also:Campion): hardy, 11 ft., See also:bright rose-See also:purple or rose and See also:white. Beta Cicla variegata: hardy, 2 ft., beautifully coloured leaves and midribs, See also:crimson, See also:golden, &c. See also:Campanula See also:Medium (See also:Canterbury See also:Bell) : hardy, 2 ft., See also:blue, white, rose, &c. The See also:double-flowered varieties of various See also:colours are very handsome. Campanula Medium calycanthema: hardy, 2 ft., blue or white; See also:hose-in-hose flowered. Catananche coerulea: hardy, 2 to 3 ft., blue or white.

Celsia cretica : hardy. 4 to 5 ft., yellow, with two dark spots near centre; in spikes. Cheiranthus Cheiri (Wallflower): hardy, 11 to 2 ft., red, purple, yellow, &c.; really a perennial but better as a biennial. Coreopsis grandiflora: hardy, 2 to 3 ft., bright yellow; the finest member of the genus. Dianthus barbatus (Sweet See also:

William) : hardy, 1 to 11 ft., crimson, purple, white or parti-coloured. Dianthus chinensis (See also:Indian See also:Pink): See also:half-hardy, t ft., various; flower earlier if treated as biennials; must be protected from See also:frost. See also:Digitalis purpurea (See also:Foxglove): hardy, 3 to 5 ft., rosy-purple or white; beautifully spotted; the variety called gloxinioides has See also:regular, erect See also:flowers. Echium pomponium: hardy, 4 ft., rosy-pink. Hedysarum coronarium (See also:French See also:Honeysuckle) : hardy, 2 to 3 ft., See also:scarlet or white; fragrant. Hesperis tristis (See also:Night-scented See also:Rocket) : hardy, 3 ft., dull purplish ; fragrant at night. Lunaria biennis (Honesty): hardy, 2 to 3 ft., purple; the silvery dissepiment attractive among everlastings. Matthiola incana (two See also:groups, the Brompton and the Queen stocks) : hardy, 2 to 2+ ft., white, red and purple.

Meconopsis. Charming members of the See also:

poppy See also:family, of which M. aculeata, purple; M. grandis, purple; M. heterophylla, coppery-See also:orange; M. nepalensis, golden yellow; M. integrifolia, yellow; M. sunplicifolia, See also:violet purple, are grown with care in sheltered spots, and in See also:rich, very gritty soil. Michauxia campanuloides, a remarkable bell flower, 3 to 8 ft. high, white tinged purple. Requires rich See also:loam in warm sheltered spots. Oenothera biennis and O. Lamarckiana (Evening See also:primrose) : hardy, 5 ft., bright yellow; large. Scabiosa caucasica: hardy, 3 ft., blue, white. Silene cornpacta: half-hardy, 3 to 6 inches, bright pink; clustered as in S. Armeria. Verbascum Blattaria: hardy, 3 to 4 ft., yellowish, with purple hairs on the filaments; in tall spikes.

End of Article: HARDY BIENNIALS

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