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stove plants, to which departments they properly belong. Some of the more popular annuals, hardy and half-hardy, have been very much varied as regards See also:

HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit and the See also:

COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour of the See also:

FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

flowers, and purchases may be made in the seed shops of such things as See also:

CHINA

China asters, See also:

STOCKS

stocks, See also:

CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese and See also:

INDIAN

Indian pinks, larkspurs, phloxes and others, amongst which some of the most beautiful of the summer flowers may be found. The hardy annuals may be sown in the open ground during the latter See also:

PART

part of See also:

March or beginning of See also:

APRIL

April, as the season may determine, for the See also:

WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather should be dry and open, and the See also:

SOIL

soil in a See also:

FREE

free-working See also:

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition before See also:

SOWING (from "to sow," O. Eng. shwan, cf. Du. zaaijen, Ger. saen, &c.; the root is seen in Lat. severe, cf. "seed")

sowing is attempted. In favourable situations and seasons some of the very hardiest, as Silene pendula, Saponaria, Nemophila, Gilia, &c., may be sown in See also:

SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September or See also:

OCTOBER

October, and transplanted to the beds or See also:

BORDERS, THE

borders for very See also:

early See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring flowering. Those sown in spring begin to flower about See also:

JUNE

June. The plants, if See also:

LEFT

left to flower where they are sown, should be thinned out while See also:

young, to give them space for proper development. It is from having ample See also:

ROOM

room that pricked out transplanted seedlings often make the finest plants. The soil should be See also:

rich and See also:

LIGHT

light. The half-hardy See also:

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series are best sown in pots or pans under See also:

glass in mil& See also:

HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat, in See also:

order to accelerate germination. Those of them which are in danger of becoming leggy should be speedily removed to a cooler See also:

FRAME

frame and placed near the glass, the young plants being pricked off into fresh soil, in other pots or pans or boxes, as may seem best in each See also:

case.

All the plants must be hardened off gradually during the See also:

month of April, and may generally be planted out some See also:

time in May, earlier or later according to the season. The class of tender annuals, being chiefly grown for greenhouse decoration, should be treated much the same as soft-wooded plants, being sown in spring, and grown on rapidly in brisk heat, near the glass, and finally hardened off to stand in the greenhouse when in flower. We add a select See also:

list of some of the more distinct annuals desirable for See also:

general cultivation as decorative plants for the open air: Acroclinium roseum: half-hardy, i ft., See also:

rose-See also:

PINK

pink or See also:

white; ever-lasting. Agrostis pulchella: hardy, 6 in.; a most graceful grass for bouquets. Amberboa moschata atropurpurea (Sweet See also:

SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan): hardy, iy ft., See also:

PURPLE

purple; See also:

MUSK (Med. Lat. muscus, late Gr. µbvXos, possibly Pers. mushk, from Sansk. mushka, the scrotum)

musk-scented. Antirrhinum majus (See also:

SNAPDRAGON, or ANTIRRHINUM (Gr. Fis, ptvbs, snout, from the shape of the flower)

Snapdragon) : hardy, 6 in. to 2 ft., white, yellow and red. This plant is perennial, but is best treated as an annual. Arnebia cornuta: hardy, 11 to 2 ft. yellow. Bartonia aurea: hardy, 2 ft., See also:

GOLDEN

golden yellow; showy and free. Brachycome iberidifolia: half-hardy, i ft., See also:

BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue or white with dark disk. Calendula officinalis See also:

METEOR (Gr. µerEwpa, literally " things in the air,” from µera, beyond, and aeip6Lv, to lift up)

Meteor: hardy, i ft., See also:

orange striped with yellow. Calliopsis or Coreopsis bicolor (tinctoria) : hardy, 2 to 3 ft., yellow and See also:

CHESTNUT (nux Castanea)

chestnut-See also:

brown.

Calliopsis or Coreopsis Drummondii: hardy, t to 2 ft., golden yellow with red disk. Callistephus hortensis or chinensis (the China See also:

ASTER (Gr. /MrTI P, a star)

aster): half-hardy, 6 in. to 11 ft.; there are several See also:

groups of various See also:

COLOURS, MILITARY

colours. The See also:

SPECIES

species itself is a very handsome plant. See also:

CAMPANULA (Bell-flower)

Campanula Loreyi: hardy, i. ft., purplish-See also:

LILAC

lilac or white. Campanula macrostyla : hardy, i to 2 ft., purple, beautifully veined. Carnations, See also:

MARGUERITE

Marguerite: half-hardy, 9 to 12 in., colours various. See also:

CENTAUREA

Centaurea Cyanus: hardy, 3 ft., blue, purple, pink or white; showy. Centranthus m.acrosiphon: hardy, 12 to 2 ft., rosy-See also:

CARMINE

carmine. Centranthus ruber (known as See also:

PRETTY

Pretty Betsy and Red See also:

VALERIAN

Valerian) : hardy, 2 to 3 ft., red. Chrysanthemum carinatum: a charming half-hardy annual, 2 tt 3 ft. high, with several varieties, of which C. Burridgeanum with zones of white, See also:

CRIMSON

crimson and yellow is best. C. coronarium, a yellow-flowered species requires similar treatment.

Clarkia pulchella: hardy, 11 ft., rosy-purple; some varieties very handsome. Cotlinsia bicolor: hardy, is ft., white and purple; pretty. Collinsia verna: hardy, i ft., white and See also:

AZURE (derived, through the Romance languages, from the Arabic al-lazward, for the precious stone lapis lazuli, the initial 1 having dropped)

azure; sow as soon as ripe. Convolvulus tricolor atroviolacea: hardy, i ft., white, blue and yellow. This is the Convolvulus See also:

minor of gardens. Cosmos bipinnatus: half-hardy, 3 ft., rose, purple, white; requires sunny spots. Dianthus chinensis (Indian pink) : half-hardy, 6 in. to i ft., various shades of red and white. Delphinium Ajacis and Delphinium Consolida (Larkspurs) : hardy, 3 ft., various colours. Erysimum Peroffskianum: hardy, 2 ft., deep orange; in erect racemes. Eschscholtzia californica: hardy, iz ft., yellow with See also:

SAFFRON (Arab. za'faran)

saffron See also:

eye. Eschscholtzia crocea flore-pleno: hardy, ti ft.,. orange yellow; See also:

double. Eutoca viscida: hardy, 2 ft., See also:

bright blue, with white hairy centre.

Gaillardia Drummondii (See also:

PITTA

pitta) : half-hardy, 11 ft., crimson, yellow margin. Gilia achilleaefolia: hardy, 2 ft., deep blue; in large globose heads Godetia Lindleyana: hardy, 2 to 3 ft., rose-purple, with crimson spots. Godetia Whitneyi: hardy, i ft., rosy-red, with crimson spots. The variety See also:

LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady See also:

ALBEMARLE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Albemarle is wholly crimson, and very handsome. Gypsophila elegans: hardy, ti ft., See also:

PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

pale rose; branched very gracefully. Helianthus cucumerifolius: hardy, 3 to 4 ft., golden yellow, See also:

black disk; branching, free and bold without coarseness. Helichrysum bracteatum: half-hardy, 2 ft.; the incu.ved crimson, rose and other forms very handsome. Hibiscus Trionum (See also:

AFRICANUS, SEXTUS JULIUS

africanus): hardy, is ft., cream colour, dark purple centre. Iberis umbellata (See also:

CANDYTUFT (Iberis amara, so called from Iberia, i.e. Spain, where many species of the genus are native, and amara, bitter, i.e. in taste)

Candytuft) : hardy, i ft., white, rose, purple, crimson. Some new See also:

DWARF (A.S. dweorg, D. dwerg, Icel. dvergr)

dwarf white and flesh-coloured varieties are very handsome. Kaulfussia amelloides: hardy, i ft., blue or rose; the See also:

var. kermesina is deep crimson. Kochia scoparia (See also:

BELVEDERE, or BELVIDERE (Ital. for " fair-view ")

Belvedere or See also:

LAWN

lawn See also:

CYPRESS (Cupressus)

cypress): hardy, graceful See also:

green foliage, turning purple in autumn.

Koniga maritima (Sweet Alyssum): hardy, i ft., white; fragrant, compact. Lethyrus odoratus (Sweet See also:

PEA (Pisum)

Pea) : hardy; there are two races, dwarf and tall, the latter—far and away the most beautiful—requires support; various colours; numerous immensely popular forms. Lavatera trimestris: hardy, 3 ft., pale-rose, showy malvaceous flowers. Leptosiphon densiflorus: hardy in light soil, i ft., purplish or rosy-lilac. Leptosiphon roseus: hardy in light soil, 6 in., delicate rose; See also:

FINE

fine in masses. Linaria See also:

BIPARTITE (from the Lat. bi-, two, and partire, to divide)

bipartite splendida: hardy, i ft., deep purple. Linum grandiflorum: hardy, i ft., splendid crimson; var. roseum is pink. Lupinus luteus: hardy, 2 ft., bright yellow, fragrant. Lupinus mutabilis Cruickshanksii: hardy, 4 ft., blue and yellow; changeable. Lupinus nanus: hardy, i ft., bluish-purple; abundant flowering. Lychnis Coeli-See also:

rosa: hardy, 11 ft., rosy-purple, with pale centre; pretty. Lychnis oculata cardinalis: hardy, 11 ft., rosy-crimson; very brilliant.

Malcolmia maritima (Virginian Stock) : hardy, 6 in., lilac, rose or white. Malope trifida: hardy, 3 ft., rich glossy purplish-crimson; showy. M. grandiflora is a finer plant in every way. Matthiola annua (Ten-See also:

WEEK (from A.S. wicu, Germanic *wikon, probably=change, turn)

week Stock and its variety, the intermediate stock) : half-hardy, i to 2 ft., white, rose and red. Matthiola graeca (Wallflower-See also:

lvd. Stock) : hardy, i ft., various as in Stock. Mesembryanthemum tricolor: half-hardy, 3 in., pink and crimson, with dark centre. See also:

MIMULUS

Mimulus cupreus: half-hardy, 6 in., coppery red, varying considerably. Mimulus luteus tigrinus: half-hardy, i ft., yellow spotted with red ; var. duplex has See also:

HOSE (a word common to many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch, hoes, stocking, Ger. Hose, breeches, tights; the ultimate origin is unknown)

hose-in-hose flowers. Mirabilis See also:

JALAPA, XALAPA, or HALAPA

Jalapa: half-hardy, 3 ft., various colours; flowers evening-scented. Nemesia floribunda: hardy, i ft., white and yellow; pretty and compact. Nemophila insignis: hardy, 6 in., azure blue, with white centre.

Nemophila maculala: hardy, 6 in., white, with See also:

VIOLET

violet spots at the edge. Nicotiana affinis: half-hardy, 2 to 3 ft., white. 3 lb Nicotiana Sanderae: half-hardy, 2 to 3 ft., white, crimson, See also:

SCARLET

scarlet, &c. Nigella hispanica: hardy, 11 ft., pale blue, white or dark purple. Oenothera odorata: hardy, 2 to 3 ft., yellow; fragrant. Omphalodes linifolia (See also:

VENUS

Venus's Navelwort): hardy, I ft., white. Pa paver Rhoeas }See also:

lore-pleno: hardy, 2 ft., scarlet and other colours; showy. Pa paver somniferum }lore-pleno: hardy, 3 ft., white, lilac, rose, &c.; petals sometimes fringed. See also:

PETUNIA

Petunia violacea hybrida: half-hardy, 1 ft., various colours; sow in heat. Pharbitis hispida: hardy, 6 ft., various; the many-coloured See also:

TWINING, THOMAS (1735-1804)

twining Convolvulus See also:

major. See also:

PHLOX (Nat. Ord. Polemoniaceae)

Phlox Drummondii: half-hardy, i ft., various colours. Platystemon californicus: hardy, 1 ft., See also:

SULPHUR

sulphur yellow; neat and distinct.

Portulaca splendens: half-hardy, 6 in., crimson, rose, yellow, white, &c., single and double; splendid prostrate plants for sunny rockwork. See also:

PYRETHRUM

Pyrethrum Parthenium aureum: half-hardy, 1 ft.; grown for its golden foliage, and much used for bedding. Reseda odorata (See also:

MIGNONETTE, or MIGNONNETTE (i.e. " little darling ")

Mignonette) : hardy, t ft., greenish, but exquisitely fragrant; there are some choice new sorts. Rhodanthe maculata: half-hardy, 11 ft., rosy-pink or white; larger flower-heads than the next. Rhodanthe Manglesii: half-hardy, t ft., rosy-pink; a drooping See also:

EVERLASTING, or IMMORTELLE

everlasting. Salpiglossis sinuata: half-hardy, 2 to 3 ft., yellow, purple, crimson, &c.; much varied and beautifully veined. Sanvitalia procumbens flore-pleno: half-hardy, 6 in., golden yellow; procumbent. Saponaria calabrica: hardy, 6 to 8 in., bright rose pink or white; continuous blooming, compact-growing. Scabiosa atropurpurea: hardy, 1 to 2 ft., rose, white, lilac, crimson, &c. Schizanthus pinnatus: hardy, I to 2 ft., purple-lilac, prettily blotched; curiously lobed flowers. Schizopetalan Walkeri: hardy, 1 ft., white, sweet-scented at See also:

NIGHT

night; curiously fringed petals. Senecio elegans: half-hardy, IZ ft., white, rose or purple; the various double forms are showy.

Silene pendula: hardy, 1 ft., bright rose pink; very showy in masses; var. compacta forms See also:

close dense tufts. Silene Pseudo-Atocion: hardy, 1 ft., rose pink; free-flowering. Specularia See also:

SPECULUM

Speculum: hardy, 6 in., reddish-violet; free-flowering. Sphenogyne speciosa: half-hardy, 1 ft., orange-yellow, with black See also:

RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring around the disk. Statice Bonduetli (See also:

Sea See also:

LAVENDER

Lavender): half-hardy, 111 ft., yellow. S. Limonum: bluish purple. S. sinuata: white, blue, yellow. S. Suworowi: lilac. Tagetes signata: half-hardy, I; ft., golden yellow; continuous blooming, with elegant foliage. The See also:

French and See also:

AFRICAN

African marigolds, favourites of some, are allied to this.

Tropaeolum aduncum (See also:

Canary creeper) : half-hardy, to ft., yellow, fringed; an elegant climber. Tropaeolum majus (the See also:

NASTURTIUM, or INDIAN CRESS

nasturtium of gardens) : hardy. There are two races, dwarf and tall, various shades of red and yellow. Waitzia aurea : half-hardy, 11 ft., golden yellow; • a showy everlasting. Xeranthemum annuum flare-pleno: hardy, 2 ft., lilac-purple; floriferous. See also:

ZINNIA

Zinnia elegans: half-hardy, t to 2 ft., various colours.

End of Article: HARDY ANNUALS

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