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PETUNIA

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 338 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PETUNIA , in See also:

botany, a genus of See also:plants belonging to the natural See also:order See also:Solanaceae and containing about 16 See also:species, chiefly See also:South See also:American (See also:southern See also:Brazil and See also:Argentina). The See also:garden forms are derived from the See also:white-flowered P. nyctaginiflora and the See also:violet- or See also:purple-flowered P. violacea. The varieties of petunia, especially the See also:double forms, make admirable specimens for pot culture. Named or specially See also:fine varieties are propagated by cuttings taken from stock plants kept through the See also:winter on a dry warm shelf, and moved into a brisk moist See also:heat in See also:early See also:spring; the See also:young shoots are planted in pans or pots filled with sandy See also:soil, and, aided by a brisk bottom heat, strike See also:root in a few days. They are then potted singly into thumb-pots, and when once established are gradually hardened off, and afterwards repotted as required. The shoots should be topped to make bushy plants, and their tops may be utilized as cuttings. The single varieties are raised from seeds sown in See also:light sandy soil in heat, in the early spring, and very slightly covered. The plants need to be prickedbut or potted off as soon as large enough to handle. See also:Good strains of seeds See also:supply plants suitable for bedding; but, as they do not reproduce themselves exactly, any See also:division of See also:Sussex, See also:England, 55 M. S.S.W. from See also:London by the London, See also:Brighton & South See also:Coast railway. Pop. (1901), 2503.

The See also:

church of St See also:Mary is Perpendicular, and contains numerous memorials of members of the See also:Percy See also:family and others. Petworth See also:House, situated in a beautiful See also:park, See also:dates from the 18th See also:century, and contains a magnificent collection of pictures. At Bignor in the neighbourhood are remains of an important and splendidly adorned See also:Roman See also:villa. The first mention of Petworth (Peartingawyrth, Peteorde, Puetewird, Pedewurde, Putteworth, Pytteworth, Petteworth) occurs in a See also:grant by Eardwulf, See also:king of See also:Northumbria, to St See also:Peter's Church, about 791. In the See also:time of See also:Edward the See also:Confessor Petworth was an allodial See also:manor held by his See also:queen Edith, and in Io86 See also:Robert Fitz-Tetbald held it of See also:Roger See also:Montgomery, See also:earl of See also:Shrewsbury. It then included a church and a See also:mill, and was rated at nine hides. Through Queen Adelisa, Petworth came first i1_to the hands of in the royal See also:navy. He went abroad again in 1643, and remained for three years in See also:France and the See also:Netherlands, pursuing his studies. In See also:Paris he read Vesalius with See also:Hobbes, who was then preparing his Tractatus opticus, and it is said that See also:Petty See also:drew the diagrams for him. In 1647 Petty obtained a patent for the invention of double See also:writing, i.e. a copying See also:machine. In politics he espoused the See also:side of the See also:parliament. His first publication was a See also:letter to See also:Samuel See also:Hartlib in 1648, entitled See also:Advice for the See also:Advancement of some Particular Parts of Learning, the See also:object of which was to recommend such a See also:change in See also:education as would give it a more See also:practical See also:character.

In the same See also:

year he took up his See also:residence at See also:Oxford, where he was made See also:deputy See also:professor of See also:anatomy, and where he gave instruction in that See also:science and in See also:chemistry. In 1649 he obtained the degree of See also:doctor of physic, and was soon after elected a See also:fellow of Brasenose See also:College. He gained some notoriety in 165o by restoring to See also:life a woman who had been hanged for See also:infanticide. In 1651 he was made professor of anatomy at Oxford, and also became professor of See also:music at See also:Gresham College. In 1652 he went to See also:Ireland, having been appointed physician to the See also:army in that See also:country. In 1654, observing that the admeasurement and division of the lands forfeited in 1641 and granted to the soldiers had been " most inefficiently and absurdly managed," he entered into a See also:contract to execute a fresh survey, which he completed in thirteen months.' By this he gained 9000, and See also:part of the See also:money he invested profitably in the See also:purchase of soldiers' See also:debentures. He thus became possessor of so large a domain in the See also:county of See also:Kerry that, according to See also:John See also:Aubrey, he could behold from Mt Mangerton 50,000 acres of his own See also:land. He set up See also:iron-See also:works in that neighbourhood, opened See also:lead-mines and See also:marble-quarries, established a See also:pilchard See also:fishery, and commenced a See also:trade in See also:timber. Besides the See also:office of See also:commissioner of See also:distribution of the lands he had surveyed, he held that of secretary to the See also:lord-See also:lieutenant, See also:Henry See also:Cromwell, and was also during two years clerk of the See also:council. In See also:January 1658 he was elected to See also:Richard Cromwell's parliament as member for See also:West See also:Looe in See also:Cornwall. After the Restoration he returned to England and was favourably received and knighted by See also:Charles II., who was " much pleased with his ingenious discourses," and who, it is said, intended to create him earl of Kilmore. He obtained from the king a new patent constituting him surveyor-See also:general of Ireland.

In 1663 he attracted much See also:

notice by the success of his inventionof adoublebottomed See also:ship, which twice made the passage between See also:Dublin and See also:Holyhead, but was afterwards lost in a violent See also:storm. He was one of the first members of the Royal Society, and sat on its council. He died in London on the 16th of See also:December 1687, and was buried in the church of his native See also:place. His will, a curious and characteristic document, is printed in See also:Chalmers's See also:Biographical See also:Dictionary. Ilis widow, See also:Elizabeth (d. 1708), daughter of See also:Sir Hardress See also:Waller (1604-1666), the Irish Cromwellian soldier and See also:regicide, was created Baroness Shelburne by See also:James II. in 1688; and her two sons were successively created earls of Shelburne, but on their See also:death without issue the Petty estates passed to their sorts particularly required must be propagated, like the double See also:sister, See also:Anne, and after her See also:marriage to the 1st earl of Kerry the ones, from cuttings. Shelburne See also:title was revived in her son's favour (see under 1 PETWORTH, a See also:market See also:town in the See also:Horsham See also:parliamentary See also:LANSDOWNE, ISt See also:MARQUESS). Petty's Irish survey was based on a collection of social data which entitles him to be considered a real See also:pioneer in the science of See also:comparative See also:statistics. He was also one of the first in whom we find a tendency to a view of See also:industrial phenomena which was at variance with the then dominant mercantilist ideas, and he exhibits a statesmanlike sense of the elements in which the strength of a nation really consists. See also:Roscher names him as having, along with See also:Locke and See also:Dudley See also:North, raised the See also:English school to the highest point it attained before the time of See also:Hume. her steward, Reginald de Wyndsor, and was afterwards given I of See also:Whitby, in See also:Yorkshire, is perhaps the best surviving example of to her See also:brother Josceline, who held it of the See also:honour of See also:Arundel. Josceline married See also:Agnes de Percy and assumed the surname of Percy.

The honour and manor of Petworth followed the descent of this family until 1708. In 1377 Henry Percy was created earl of See also:

Northumberland. The only daughter of the last earl married Charles, See also:duke of See also:Somerset, in 1682, and Petworth descended through their daughter See also:Catherine to the earls of See also:Egremont. The adopted son of the third earl was created See also:Baron Leconfield in 1859.

End of Article: PETUNIA

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