|
WHITBY , a seaport, watering-See also:place and See also:market See also:town in 'the Whitby See also:parliamentary See also:division of the See also:North See also:Riding of See also:Yorkshire, _England, 245 M. N. from See also:London, on the North-Eastern railway. Pop. of See also:urban See also:district (1901) 11,755. There are a terminal station in the town and a station at See also:West Cliff on the Saltburn See also:branch. Whitby is beautifully situated at the mouth and on both See also:banks of the See also:River Esk; the old town of narrow streets and picturesque houses See also:standing on the steep slopes above the river, while the See also:modern residential See also:quarter is mainly on the See also:summit of West Cliff. A See also:long See also:flight of steps leads up the eastern height to the See also:abbey, the ruins of which gain a wonderful dignity from their commanding position. This was a See also:foundation of Oswy, See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Northumbria, in 658, in fulfilment of a See also:vow for a victory over See also:Penda, king of See also:Mercia. It embraced an See also:establishment for monks and (until the See also:Conquest) for nuns of the See also:Benedictine See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order, and under See also:Hilda, a See also:grand-niece of See also:Edwin, a former king of Northumbria, acquired high celebrity. The existing ruins comprise parts of the See also:Early See also:English See also:choir, the north See also:transept, also Early English but of later date, and the See also:rich Decorated See also:nave. The west See also:side of the nave See also:fell in 1763 and the See also:tower in 183o. On the See also:south side are See also:foundations of cloisters and domestic buildings. Adjoining the abbey is Whitby See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall, built by See also:Sir See also:Francis Cholmley about 158o from the materials of the monastic buildings, and enlarged and fortified by Sir See also:Hugh Cholmley about 1635. A little below the abbey is the See also:parish See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St See also:Mary, originally See also:Norman, and retaining traces of the first See also:building; owing to a variety of alterations at different periods, and the erection of high wooden pews and galleries, its See also:appearance is more remarkable than beautiful. A modern See also:cross in the See also:churchyard commemorates St Caedmon, the Northumbrian poet (c. 67o), who was a See also:- MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
- MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
- MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
- MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)
monk at the abbey and there died. Other features of the town are the pleasant promenades and gardens on West Cliff, the antiquarian and See also:geological museum, and an excellent See also:golf course. The See also:coast is cliff-See also:bound and very beautiful both to the north and to the south, while inland the Esk traverses a lovely wooded vale, surrounded by open, high-lying See also:moors. Whitby is a quiet resort, possessing none of the brilliance of See also:Scarborough on the same coast. A large fishing See also:industry is carried on from the See also:harbour, which is formed by the mouth of the river and protected by two piers. The manufacture of ornaments from the See also:jet found in the vicinity forms a considerable industry. The jet is a See also:species of petrified See also:wood found towards the bottom of the Upper See also:Lias, and its use for the purpose of See also:ornament See also:dates from very early times. A former activity in See also:shipbuilding is of See also:interest through the recollection that here were constructed the See also:ships for See also:Captain See also:Cook's voyages. Wooden ships and boats are still built, and rope-making and See also:sail-making are carried on.
Whitby (Streanaeshalch c. 657–857; Prestebi c. 857–1080; Witeby, &c. c. 8S7 onwards) is first mentioned by See also:Bede, whostates that a religious See also:house was established here about A.D. 657. In the 9th See also:century it was destroyed by the Danes, but being refounded became the centre of a Danish See also:colony, and until laid See also:waste by the Conqueror was the most prosperous town in the district. See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry I. made a See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant to the See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot and See also:convent of Whitby of a See also:burgage in the See also:vill of Whitby, and See also:Richard de See also:Waterville, abbot 1175-1190, granted the town in See also:free burgage to the burgesses. In 1200 King See also:John, bribed by the burgesses, confirmed this See also:charter, but in 1201, bribed by the successor of Richard de Waterville, quashed it as injurious to the dignity of the church of Whitby. A See also:bitter struggle went on, however, till the 14th century, when a trial resulted in a See also:judgment against the burgesses. In 1629 Whitby petitioned for See also:incorporation on the ground that the town was in decay through want of See also:good See also:government and received letters patent giving them self-government. However, in 1674–1675 the See also:crown, probably in gratitude for the See also:part played by the Cholmleys in the See also:Civil See also:War, restored to the lords of the See also:manor all the liberties ever enjoyed by the abbots of Whitby in Whitby and Whitby Strand. Whitby became a parliamentary See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough under the Reform See also:Act of 1832, returning one member until it was disfranchised under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. At the beginning of the 14th century Sir See also:Alexander See also:Percy claimed the hereditary right of buying and selling in Whitby without See also:payment of See also:toll. The market was held See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time out of mind on See also:Sunday until the reign of Henry VI., who changed the See also:day to Saturday, still the market day. A fortnightly See also:cattle market was granted by See also:Charles I. Henry I. granted to the abbot of Whitby a See also:fair at the feast of St Hilda and the king's See also:firm See also:peace to all coming to the tali.. A second fair was used later, but neither of them is any longer held. There was a See also:port at Whitby in the 12th century and probably before, and though never important there have always since been traces of Whitby See also:shipping and merchandise. In See also:medieval times the salting and See also:sale of See also:herrings and the sale of See also:cod, See also:fish and other products of the North See also:Sea See also:fishery were the only See also:industries. See also:Whale-fishing began in 1753.
See J. C. See also:Atkinson, Memorials of Old Whitby (London, 1894) ; Lionel Charlton, See also:History of Whitby (See also:York, '779); See also:George See also:Young, History of Whitby (Whitby, 1817) ; See also:Victoria See also:County History, York-See also:shire, North Riding.
End of Article: WHITBY
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!