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HUELVA

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 854 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HUELVA , a maritime See also:

province of See also:south-western See also:Spain, formed in 1833 of districts taken from See also:Andalusia, and bounded on the N. by See also:Badajoz, E. by See also:Seville, S. by the Gulf of See also:Cadiz and W. by See also:Portugal. Pop. (1900) 260,880; See also:area 3913 sq. m. With the exception of its south-eastern See also:angle, where the province merges into the See also:flat See also:waste lands known as See also:Las Marismas, at the mouth of the See also:Guadalquivir, Huelva presents throughout its entire extent an agreeably varied See also:surface. It is traversed in a south-See also:westerly direction by the Sierra Morena, here known, in its See also:main See also:ridge, as the Sierra de Aracena. The See also:principal streams are the navigable See also:lower reaches of the Guadalquivir and See also:Guadiana, which respectively See also:form for some distance the south-eastern and south-western boundaries; the Odiel and the Tinto, which both fall into the See also:Atlantic by navigable rigs or estuaries; the Malagon, Chanza, Alcalaboza and Murtiga, which belong to the Guadiana See also:system; and the Huelva, belonging to that of the Guadalquivir. Huelva has a mild and equable See also:climate, with abundant moisture and a fertile See also:soil. Among the mountains there are many valuable woodlands, in which oaks, pines, beeches, See also:cork-trees and chestnuts predominate, while the lowlands afford excellent pasturage. But See also:agriculture and stock-breeding are here less important than in most See also:Spanish provinces, although the exports comprise large quantities of See also:fruit, oil and See also:wine, besides cork and See also:esparto grass. The See also:head-quarters of the fishing trades, which include the drying and salting of See also:fish, are at Huelva, the See also:capital, and Ayamonte on the Guadiana. There are numerous See also:brandy distilleries; and bricks, pottery, See also:soap, candles and See also:flour are also manufactured; but the See also:great See also:local See also:industry is See also:mining. In 1903 no fewer than 470 mines were at See also:work; and their output, consisting chiefly of See also:copper with smaller quantities of See also:manganese and See also:iron, exceeded £1,500,000 in value.

The celebrated Rio Tinto copper mines, near the See also:

sources of the Tinto, were, like those of Tharsis, 30 M. N.N.W. of Huelva, exploited See also:long before the See also:Christian era, probably bythe Carthaginians, and certainly by the See also:Romans. They are still among the most important copper mines in the See also:world (see Rio TINTO). Saline and other See also:mineral springs are See also:common throughout the province. Huelva is the principal seaport, and is connected with Seville on the See also:east and See also:Merida on the See also:north by See also:direct See also:railways; while a network of narrow-See also:gauge railways gives See also:access to the See also:chief mining centres. The principal towns, besides Huelva (21,359) and Rio Tinto (11,603), which are described in See also:separate articles, are Alosno (8187), Ayamonte (7530), Bollullos (7922), Moguer (8455), See also:Nerva (7908) and Zalamea la Real (7335)• The See also:state and municipal roads are better engineered and maintained than those of the neighbouring provinces. See also ANDALUSIA.

End of Article: HUELVA

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