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See also:LUZZATTI, See also:LUIGI (1841- ) , See also:Italian economist and financier, was See also:born of Jewish parents at See also:Venice on the 11th of See also:March 1841. After completing his studies in See also:law at the university of See also:Padua, he attracted the See also:attention of the See also:Austrian See also:police by his lectures on See also:political See also:economy, and was obliged to emigrate. In 1863 he obtained a professorship at the See also:Milan Technical See also:Institute; in 1867 he was appointed See also:professor of constitutional law at Padua, whence he was transferred to the university of See also:Rome. Gifted with eloquence and See also:energy, he popularized in See also:Italy the economic ideas of See also:Schultze-See also:Delitzsch, worked for the See also:establishment of a commercial See also:college at Venice, and contributed to the spread of See also:people's See also:banks on a basis of limited liability throughout the See also:country. In 1869 he was appointed by See also:Minghetti under secretary of See also:state to the See also:ministry of See also:agriculture and See also:commerce, in which capacity he abolished See also:government See also:control over commercial companies and promoted a state inquiry into the conditions of See also:industry. Though theoretically a See also:free trader, he was largely instrumental in creating the Italian protective See also:system. In 1877 he participated in the commercial negotiations with See also:France, in 1878 compiled the Italian customs See also:tariff, and subsequently took a leading See also:part in the negotiations of all the commercial See also:treaties between Italy and other countries. Appointed See also:minister of the See also:treasury in the first Di Rudini See also:cabinet of 1891, he imprudently abolished the system of frequent clearings of See also:bank-notes between the state banks, a measure which facilitated the duplication of part of the See also:paper currency and hastened the bank crisis of 1893. In 1896 he entered the second Di Rudini cabinet as minister of the treasury, and by timely legislation helped to See also:save the bank of See also:Naples from failure. After his fall from See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office in See also:June 1898, his See also:principal achievement was the negotiation of the Franco-Italian commercial treaty, though, as See also:deputy, journalist and professor, he continued to take an active part in all political and economic manifestations. He was again minister of the treasury from See also:November 1903 to March 1905 in See also:Giolitti's second See also:administration, and for the third See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time from See also:February to May 1906, under See also:Sonnino's premiership. During the latter See also:term of office he achieved the See also:conversion of the Italian 5% See also:debt (reduced to 4% by the tax) to 31% to be eventually lowered to 31%, an operation which other ministers had attempted without success; although the actual See also:con-version was not completed until after the fall of the cabinet ofwhich he formed part the merit is entirely his. In 1907 he was See also:president of the co-operative See also:congress at See also:Cremona.
See L. See also:Carpi's Risorgimento Italiano, vol. ii. (Milan, 1886), which contains a See also:biographical See also:sketch of Luzzatti.
End of Article: LUZZATTI, LUIGI (1841- )
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