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MALONE

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 495 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MALONE , a See also:

village and the See also:county-seat of See also:Franklin county, in the township of Malone, in the N.E. See also:part of New See also:York, U.S.A., about 6o m. E.N.E. of See also:Ogdensburg. Pop. (189o), 4986; (1900), 5935 (910 See also:foreign-See also:born); (1905. See also:state See also:census), 6478; (191o),, 6467. It is served by the New York Central & See also:Hudson See also:River and the See also:Rutland (N.Y. Central Lines) See also:railways. The village has a Memorial See also:Park, See also:Arsenal See also:Green, on the site of an arsenal and See also:parade-ground sold by the state in 185o, a state armoury, CC12:CH•000C2H5 + Ag2O + H20= 2AgC1 + HOOC•See also:CH2•COOC2H5. It crystallizes in See also:monoclinic tables, and is readily soluble in See also:water, See also:alcohol and See also:ether. The See also:acid melts at 132° C., and at a higher temperature it rapidly decomposes into acetic acid and See also:carbon dioxide. When heated with See also:bromine and water to See also:rod° C. it forms tribromacetic acid, some bromoform being produced at the same See also:time. Malonic acid, as well as its See also:esters, is characterized by the large number of condensation products it can See also:form. In the presence of a dehydrating See also:agent (such as acetic anhydride), it combines with See also:aldehydes to form compounds of the type R • CH: C(COOH)2, or their decomposition products (formed by loss of See also:CO2) R • CH : CH • COOH.

Many salts of the acid are known and, with the exception of those of the See also:

alkali metals, they are difficultly soluble in water. Many esters of malonic acid have been prepared, the most important being the diethyl ester (malonic ester), CH2(000C2H5)2, which is obtained by dissolving monochloracetic acid in water, neutralizing the See also:solution with See also:potassium carbonate, and then adding potassium See also:cyanide and warming the mixture until the reaction begins. When the reaction has finished, the whole is evaporated and heated to about 130`-140° C. and then allowed to cool. The See also:mass is then covered with two-thirds of its See also:weight of alcohol, and saturated with hydrochloric acid See also:gas. The whole is then poured into See also:ice-See also:cold water, extracted by ether and the ethereal solution distilled (L. Claisen, See also:Ann., 1883, 218, p. 131). It is a colourless liquid boiling at 197°•7 -198°•2 C. (W. H. See also:Perkin). It is a most important synthetic reagent; with See also:sodium or sodium ethylate it forms sodio-malonic ester, which reacts readily with alkyl halides, forming alkyl malonic esters, which are again capable of forming-sodium derivatives, that by further treatment with alkyl halides yield the di-alkyl malonic esters.

These esters are readily hydrolysed and yield the mono-and di-alkyl malonic acids which, on See also:

heating, are readily decomposed, with See also:evolution of carbon dioxide and the formation of mono- and di-alkyl acetic acids.

End of Article: MALONE

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