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MANIPLE (Lat. manipulus, from minus, ...

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 582 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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MANIPLE (Lat. manipulus, from minus, hand, and plere, to fill)

MANIPLE (See also:
LAT
Lat. manipulus, from minus, See also:
HAND
HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)
hand, and plere, to fill) , a liturgical vestment of the See also:

CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

Church, proper to all orders from the subdeacon upwards. It is a narrow See also:

STRIP

strip of material, See also:

SILK

silk or See also:

HALF

half-silk, about a yard See also:

long, worn on the See also:

LEFT

left fore-See also:

ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm in such a way that the ends hang down to an equal length on either See also:

side. In See also:

order to secure it, it is sometimes tied on with strings attached underneath, sometimes provided with a hole in the lining through which the arm is passed. It is ornamented with three crosses, one in the centre and one at each end, that in the centre being obligatory, and is often elaborately embroidered. It is the See also:

SPECIAL

special See also:

ENSIGN (through the Fr. enseigne from the Latin plural insignia)

ensign of the See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of subdeacon, and at the ordination is placed on the arm of the new subdeacon by the See also:

bishop with the words: " Take the maniple, the See also:

SYMBOL (Gr. o-uµ(3oXov, a sign)

symbol of the See also:

FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit of See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

WORKS

works."1 It is strictly a "See also:

mass vestment," being worn, with certain exceptions (e.g. by a subdeacon singing the See also:

GOSPEL (O. Eng. godspel, i.e. good news, a translation of Lat. bona annuntiatio, or evangelium, Gr. evayyeXwv; cf. Goth. iu spillon, " to announce good news," Ulfilas' translation of the Greek, from iu, that which is good, and spellon to announce)

Gospel at the service of blessing the palms), only at Mass, by the celebrant and the ministers assisting. The most See also:

COMMON

common name for the maniple up to the beginning of the lrth See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century in the Latin Church was mappula (dim. of mappa, See also:

CLOTH

cloth), the See also:

ROMAN

Roman name for the vestment until the See also:

time of See also:

Innocent III. The designation manipulus did not come into See also:

general use until the 15th century. See also:

FATHER

Father Braun (Liturg. Gewandung, p. 517) gives other See also:

early See also:

MEDIEVAL

medieval names: sudanum, See also:

FANO (anc. Fanum Fortunae, q.v.)

fano, mantile, all of them meaning " cloth" or " handkerchief." He traces the vestment ultimately to a See also:

white See also:

LINEN

linen cloth of ceremony (See also:

PALLIUM

pallium linostinum) worn in the 4th century by'the Roman See also:

clergy over the left arm, and See also:

PECULIAR

peculiar at that time to them. Its ultimate origin is obscure, but is probably traceable to some ceremonial handkerchiefs commonly carried by Roman dignitaries, e.g. those with which the magistrates were wont to See also:

SIGNAL

signal the opening of the See also:

GAMES, CLASSICAL

games of the See also:

CIRCUS (Lat. circus, Gr. Kipeos or Kptxot, a ring or' circle; probably " circus " and " ring " are of the same origin)

circus. As See also:

LATE

late as the gth century, indeed, the maniple was still a handkerchief, held folded in the left hand.

By what See also:

PROCESS

process it became changed into a narrow strip is not known; the earliest extant specimen of the See also:

BAND

band-like maniple is that found in the See also:

GRAVE

grave of St See also:

CUTHBERT, SAINT (d. 687)

Cuthbert (9th century); by the Irth century (except in the See also:

case of subdeacons, whose maniples would seem to have continued for a while to be cloths in See also:

PRACTICAL

practical use) the maniple had universally assumed its See also:

PRESENT

present general See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form and purely ceremonial See also:

CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character. The maniple was originally carried in the left hand. In pictures of the 9th, loth and 11th centuries it is represented as either so carried or as hung over the left fore-arm. By the 12th century the See also:

RULE

rule according to which it is worn over the left arm had been universally accepted. According to present usage the maniple is put on by priests after the See also:

ALB (Lat. alba, from albus, white)

alb and See also:

GIRDLE (O. Eng. gyrdel, from gyrdan, to gird; cf. Ger. Gurtel, Dutch gordel, from giirten and gorden; "gird" and its doublet " girth " together with the other Teutonic cognates have been referred by some to the root ghar—to seize, enclose, seen in Gr. )(s

girdle; by deacons and subdeacons after the See also:

DALMATIC (Lat. dalmatica, tunica dalmatica)

dalmatic or See also:

TUNICLE (Lat. tunicella)

tunicle; by bishops at the See also:

ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar after the Confiteor, except at masses for the dead, when it is assumed before the See also:

STOLE (Lat. stela and orarium, Fr. etole, It. stola, Sp. estola, Ger. Stela)

stole.2 In the See also:

East the maniple in its Western form is known only to the Armenians, where it is peculiar to subdeacons. This vestment is not derived from the Roman rite, but is properly a stole, which the subdeacons used to carry in the left hand. It is now laid over the subdeacon's left arm at ordination. The true See also:

EQUIVALENT

equivalent of the maniple (in the See also:

Greek and Armenian See also:

RITES

rites only) is not, as has been assumed, the epimanikion, a sort of loose, embroidered See also:

CUFF

cuff (see See also:

VESTMENTS

VESTMENTS), but the epigonation. This is a square of silk, stiffened with cardboard, surrounded by an ' According to Father Braun this See also:

CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom cannot be traced earlier than the 9th century. It forms no essential See also:

PART

part of the ordination ceremony (Liturg. Gewandung, p. 548).

2 For the See also:

EVOLUTION

evolution of these rules see Braun, op. cit. pp. 546 seq.embroidered border, and usually decorated in the See also:

MIDDLE

middle with a See also:

CROSS

cross or a See also:

SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword (the " sword of the Spirit," which it is supposed to symbolize) ; sometimes, however, the space within the border is embroidered with pictures. It is worn only by bishops and the higher clergy, and derives its name from the fact that it hangs down over the See also:

KNEE (O. E. cneow, a word common to Indo-European languages, cf. Ger. Knie, Fr. genou, Span. hinojo, Lat. genu, Gr. ybvv, Sansk. janu)

knee (yovv). It is worn on the right side, under the phelonion, but when the sakkos is worn instead of the phelonion, by metropolitans, &c., it is attached to this. The epigonation, like the maniple, was originally a cloth held in the hand; a fact sufficiently proved by the See also:

ancient name i'yxelprov (xsip, hand), which it retained until the 12th century. For convenience' See also:

SAKE

sake this cloth came to be suspended from the girdle on the right side, and is thus represented in the earliest extant paintings (see Braun, p. 552). The name epigonation, which appears in the latter half of the 12th century, probably marks the date of the See also:

COMPLETE

complete conventionalizing of the See also:

ORIGINAL

original cloth into the present stiff embroidered square; but the earliest representations of the vestment in its actual form date from the 14th century, e.g. the See also:

MOSAIC (corresponding to Lat. opus musivum, from Gr. µovoeiov, an artificial grotto often decorated with mosaics; the word is only found in the sense of mosaic in late Greek, which generally uses k oXI yrlµa)

mosaic of St See also:

ATHANASIUS (293-373)

Athanasius in the See also:

CHAPEL

chapel of St See also:

ZENO

Zeno in St See also:

Mark's at See also:

Venice. See J.Braun, S. J.,See also:

Die liturgische Gewandung (See also:

FREIBURG

Freiburg See also:

IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im See also:

BREISGAU

Breisgau, 1907), pp. 515-561, and the bibliography to VESTMENTS.

End of Article: MANIPLE (Lat. manipulus, from minus, hand, and plere, to fill)

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