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See also:DALMATIC (See also:Lat. dalmatica, tunica dalmatica) , a liturgical
vestment of the Western See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, proper to deacons, as the See also:tunicle (tunicella) is to subdeacons. Dalmatic and tunicle are now, however, practically identical in shape and See also:size; though, strictly, the latter should be somewhat smaller and with narrower arms. In most countries, e.g. See also:England, See also:France, See also:Spain and See also:Germany, dalmatic and tunicle are now no longer tunics, but scapular-like cloaks, with an opening for the See also:head to pass through and square lappets falling from the See also:shoulder over the upper See also:part of the See also:arm; in See also:Italy, on the other See also:hand, though open up the See also:side, they still have See also:regular sleeves and are essentially tunics. The most characteristic See also:ornament of the dalmatic and tunicle is the See also:vertical stripes See also:running from the shoulder to the See also:lower hem, these being connected by a See also:cross-See also:band, the position of which differs in various countries (see See also:figs. 3, 4). Less essential are the orphreys on the hem of the arms and the fringes along the slits at the sides and the lower hem. The tassels See also:hanging from either shoulder at the back (see fig. 6), formerly very
much favoured, have now largely gone out of use.
The dalmatica, which originated—as its name implies—in
See also:Dalmatia, came into See also:fashion in the See also:Roman See also:world in the 2nd See also:century A.D. It was a loose See also:tunic with very wide sleeves, and was worn over the tunica See also:alba by the better class of citizens (see. fig. 2). According to the See also:Liber pontificalis (ed. See also:Duchesne, 1. 171) the dalmatic was first introduced as a vestment in public
See also:worship by See also:Pope See also:Silvester I. (314-335), who ordered it to be worn by the deacons; but Braun (Liturg. Gewandung, p. 250)
thinks that it was probably in use by the popes themselves so See also:early as the 3rd century, since St See also:Cyprian (d. 258) is mentioned as wearing it when he went to his See also:death. If this be so, it was probably given to the Roman deacons to distinguish them
from the other See also:clergy and to See also:mark their See also:special relations to the pope. However this may be, the dalmatic remained for centuries the vestment distinctive of the pope and his deacons, and—according at least to the view held at Rome—could be worn by other clergy only by special concession of the pope. Thus Pope See also:Symmachus (498–514) granted the right to See also:wear it to the deacons of See also:Bishop Caesarius of See also:Arles; and so See also:late as 757 Pope See also:Stephen II. gave permission to Fulrad, See also:- ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
- ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
- ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
- ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
- ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)
abbot of St See also:Denis, to be assisted by six deacons at See also:mass, and these are empowered to wear " the robe of See also:honour of the dalmatic." How far, however, this See also:rule was strictly observed, and what was the relation of the Roman dalmatic to the diaconal alba and subdiaconal tunica, which were in liturgical use in See also:Gaul and Spain so early as the 6th century, are See also:moot points (see Braun, p. 252). The dalmatic was in See also:general use at the beginning of the 9th century, partly as a result of the Carolingian reforms, which established the Roman See also:model in western See also:Europe; but it continued to be granted by the popes to distinguished ecclesiastics not otherwise entitled to wear it, e.g. to abbots or to the See also:cardinal priests of important cathedrals. So far as the records show, Pope See also:John XIII. (965–972) was the first to bestow the right to wear the dalmatic on an abbot, and Pope See also:Benedict VII. the first to See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant it to a cardinal See also:priest of a See also:foreign See also:cathedral (975)• The See also:present rule was firmly established by the 11th century. According to the actual use of the Roman See also:Catholic Church dalmatic and tunicle are worn by See also:deacon and subdeacon when assisting at High Mass, and at See also:solemn processions and benedictions. They are, however, traditionally See also:vestments symbolical of joy (the bishop in placing the dalmatic on the newly ordained deacon says:—" May the See also:Lord clothe thee in the tunic of joy and the garment of rejoicing "), and they are therefore not worn during seasons of See also:fasting and penitence or functions connected with these, the folded See also:chasuble (paenula plicata) being substituted (see CHASUBLE). Dalmatic and tunicle are never worn by priests, as priests, but both are worn by bishops under the chasuble (never under the See also:cope) and also by those prelates, not being bishops, to
whom the pope has conceded the right to FIG.I.—Deacon in
wear the episcopal vestments. See also:amice See also:ice and See also:ana lbarelled See also:alb.
In England at the See also:Reformation the
dalmatic ultimately shared the See also:fate of the chasuble and other mass vestments. It was, however, certainly one of the " ornaments of the See also:minister " in the second See also:year of See also:Edward VI., the See also:rubric in the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office for See also:Holy Communion directing the priest's " helpers " to wear " albes with tunacles." In many See also:Anglican churches it has therefore been restored, as a result of the See also:ritual revival of the 19th century, it being claimed that its use is obligatory under the " ornaments rubric " of the See also:Book of See also:Common See also:Prayer (see VESTMENTS) .
In the Eastern churches the only vestment that has any true See also:analogy with the dalmatic or liturgical upper tunic is the sakkos, the tunic worn by deacons and subdeacons over their everyday clothes being the See also:equivalent of the Western alb (q.v.). The sakkos, which, as a liturgical vestment, first appears in the 12th century as See also:peculiar to patriarchs, is now a scapular-like robe very similar to the See also:modern dalmatic (see fig. 5). Its origin is almost certainly the richly embroidered dalmatic that formed part of the consular insignia, which under the name of sakkos became a robe of See also:state special to the emperors. It is clear, then, that this vestment can only have been assumed with the See also:emperor's permission; and Braun suggests (p. 305) that its use was granted to the patriarchs, after the completion of the See also:schism of See also:East and See also:West, in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order " in some sort to give them the See also:character, in outward See also:appearance as well, of popes of the East." Its use is confined to the See also:Greek rite. In the Greek and Greek-Melchite
churches it is confined to the patriarchs and metropolitans; in the See also:Russian, Ruthenian and Bulgarian churches it is worn by all bishops. Unlike the practice of the Latin church, it is not worn under, but has replaced the phelonion (chasuble).
A See also:silk dalmatic forms one (the undermost) of the See also:English See also:coronation See also:robes. Its use would seem to have been borrowed, not from the robes of the Eastern emperors, but from the church, and to symbolize with the other robes the quasi-sacerdotal character of the kingship (see CORONATION). The magnificent so-called dalmatic of See also:Charlemagne, preserved at See also:Rome (see See also:EMBROIDERY), is really a Greek sakkos.
See See also:Joseph Braun, S.J., See also:Die liturgische Gewandung (See also:Freiburg See also:im See also:Breisgau, 1907), pp. 247-305. For further references and illustrations see the See also:article VESTMENTS. (W. A.
End of Article: DALMATIC (Lat. dalmatica, tunica dalmatica)
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