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MARTIUS, CARL FRIEDRICH PHILIPP VON (...

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 803 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MARTIUS, CARL See also:FRIEDRICH PHILIPP VON (1794—1868) , See also:German botanist and traveller, was See also:born on the 17th of See also:April 1794 at See also:Erlangen, where be graduated M.D. in x814, See also:publishing as his thesis a See also:critical See also:catalogue of See also:plants in the botanic See also:garden of the university. He afterwards devoted himself to botanical study, and in 1817 he and J. B. von Spix were sent to See also:Brazil by the See also:king of See also:Bavaria. They travelled from Rio de Janeiro through several of the See also:southern and eastern provinces of Brazil, and ascended the See also:river See also:Amazon to Tabatinga, as well as some of its larger affluents. On his return to See also:Europe in 182o he was appointed See also:conservator of the botanic garden at See also:Munich, and in 1826 See also:professor of See also:botany in the university there, and held both offices till 1864. He devoted his See also:chief See also:attention to the See also:flora of Brazil, and in addition to numerous See also:short papers he published the Nova Genera et See also:Species Plantarum Brasiliensium (1823-1832, 3 vols.) and Icones selectae Plantarum Cryptogamicarum Brasiliensium (1827), both See also:works being finely illustrated. An See also:account of his travels in Brazil appeared in 3 vols. 4to, 1823—1831, with an See also:atlas of plates, but probably the See also:work by which he is best known is his Historia Palmarum (1823—1850) in 3 large See also:folio volumes, of which one describes the palms discovered by himself in Brazil. In 1840 he began the Flora Brasiliensis, with the assistance of the most distinguished See also:European botanists, who undertook monographs of the various orders. Its publication was continued after his See also:death under the editorship of A. W. Eichler (1839—1887) until 1887, and subsequently of Ignaz von See also:Urban.

He also edited several works on the zoological collections made in Brazil by Spix, after the death of the latter in 1826. On the outbreak of See also:

potato disease in Europe he investigated it and published his observations in 1842. He also published works and short papers on the See also:aborigines of Brazil, on their See also:civil and social See also:condition, on their past and probable future, on their diseases and medicines, and on the See also:languages of the various tribes, especially the Tupi. He died at Munich on the 13th of See also:December 1868.

End of Article: MARTIUS, CARL FRIEDRICH PHILIPP VON (1794—1868)

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