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area of 19,127 sq. m., the greater part of which is semi-arid and covered with extensive saline deposits. It is bordered by Cordilleras on the E. and W., and by transverse ridges and detached See also:

groups of elevations on the N. and S. The slope and drainage is toward the S., but many of the streams are waterless in the dry See also:

SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season. The outlet of See also:

Lake Titicaca, the Desaguadero See also:

RIVER

river, flows southward into Lake See also:

PAMPA, LA

Pampa-Aullaguas, or Poopo, on the eastern See also:

side of the department near the See also:

CORDILLERA

Cordillera de Ios Frailes. Lake Poopo is 12,139 ft. above See also:

sea-level, or 506 ft. See also:

LOWER

lower than Titicaca, and its See also:

WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters See also:

DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge through a comparatively small outlet, called the Lacahahuira, into the See also:

LAGOON (Fr. lagune, Lat. lacuna, a pool)

lagoon and saline morasses of Coipasa (12,057 ft. See also:

ELEVATION

elevation) in the S.W. corner of the department. Oruro is almost exclusively a See also:

MINING

mining department, the See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country being too arid for See also:

agriculture, with the exception of a narrow See also:

STRIP

strip in the foothills of the Cordillera de los Frailes, where a few See also:

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle, mules and llamas, and a considerable number of See also:

sheep are reared. The See also:

MINERAL

mineral See also:

WEALTH

wealth has not been fully See also:

DEVELOPED

developed except in the vicinity of the See also:

capital, in the See also:

north-See also:

east part of the department, where there are large deposits of See also:

TIN (Lat.- stannum, whence the chemical symbol " Sn "; atomic weight =117.6, 0=16)

tin, See also:

SILVER

silver and See also:

COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper, Oruro being the second largest producer of tin in the See also:

REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic. There are See also:

BORAX (sodium pyroborate or sodium biborate)

borax deposits in the western part of the department, but the output is small. The capital of the department is ORURO, 115 M. S.S.E. (See also:

DIRECT

direct) of La Paz; it is an old mining town dating from the 17th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, when it is said to have had a See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population of 70,000.

The See also:

CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census of 1900 gave it a population of 13,575, the greater part of whom are See also:

INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians. A considerable number of foreigners are interested in the neighbouring mines. The elevation of Oruro is 12,250 it. above sea-level, and its See also:

CLIMATE

climate is characterized by a See also:

SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short cool summer and a See also:

COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold See also:

RAINY, ROBERT (1826-1906)

rainy See also:

winter, with severe frosts and occasional See also:

SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

snow-storms. The mean See also:

ANNUAL

annual temperature is about 430 F. Oruro is the Bolivian See also:

TERMINUS

terminus of the See also:

ANTOFAGASTA

Antofagasta railway (0.75 See also:

METRE ((terpuc?, sc. rFxvf, from Gr. Or poi', measure)

metre See also:

GAUGE, or GAGE (Med. Lat. gauja, jaugia, Fr. jauge, perhaps connected with Fr. jale, a bowl, galon, gallon)

gauge), 574 M. See also:

long, the first constructed in Bolivia. A See also:

law of the 27th of See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1906 provided for the construction of other lines, of metre gauge, from La Paz (Viacha) to Oruro, from Oruro to Cochabamba, and from Oruro to Tupiza, making Oruro the most important railway centre in Bolivia. Oruro enjoys the nominal distinction pf being one of the four capitals of the republic, an See also:

ANOMALY (from Gr. lwvw)

anomaly which was practically ended by the revolution of 1898, since which See also:

time the See also:

government has remained at La Paz.

End of Article: ORURO

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ORVIETO (anc. Volsinii (q.v.)