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PETTENKOFER, MAX JOSEPH VON (1818-1901)

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 336 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PETTENKOFER, MAX See also:JOSEPH VON (1818-1901) , Bavarian chemist and hygienist, was See also:born on the 3rd of See also:December 1818 at Lichtenheim, near See also:Neuburg. He was a See also:nephew of See also:Franz Paver Pettenkofer (1783-1850), who from 1823 was surgeon and See also:apothecary to the Bavarian See also:court and was the author of some chemical investigations on the See also:vegetable alkaloids. He studied See also:pharmacy and See also:medicine at See also:Munich, where he graduated M.D. in 1843, and after working under See also:Liebig at See also:Giessen was appointed chemist to the Munich See also:mint in 1845. Two years later he was chosen extraordinary See also:professor of See also:chemistry in the medical See also:faculty, in 1853 he received the See also:ordinary professorship, and in 1865 he became also professor of See also:hygiene. In 1894 he retired from active See also:work, and on the loth of See also:February 1901 he shot him-self in a See also:fit of depression at his See also:home on the Starnberger See, near Munich. In his earlier years he devoted himself to chemistry, both theoretical and applied, See also:publishing papers on the preparation of See also:gold and See also:platinum, numerical relations between the atomic weights of analogous elements, the formation of See also:aventurine See also:glass, the manufacture of See also:illuminating See also:gas from See also:wood, the preservation of oil-paintings, &c. The reaction known by his name for the detection of bile acids was published in 1844. In his widely used method for the quantitative determination of carbonic See also:acid the gaseous mixture is shaken up with baryta or See also:lime See also:water of known strength and the See also:change in alkalinity ascertained by means of oxalic acid. But his name is most See also:familiar in connexion with his work in See also:practical hygiene, as an apostle of See also:good water, fresh See also:air and proper sewage disposal. His See also:attention was See also:drawn to this subject about 185o by the unhealthy See also:condition of Munich. Pettenkofer gave vigorous expression to his views on hygiene am disease in numerous books and papers; he was an editor of the Zeitschrift See also:fur Biologie from 1865 to 1882, and of the Archiv fit Hygiene from 1883 to 1894.

End of Article: PETTENKOFER, MAX JOSEPH VON (1818-1901)

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