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TICINUM (mod. Pavia, q.v.)

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Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 934 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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TICINUM (mod. Pavia, q.v.)

TICINUM (mod. See also:
PAVIA (anc. Ticinum, q.v.)
Pavia, q.v.) , an See also:

ancient See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of Gallia Transpadana, founded on the See also:

banks of the See also:

RIVER

river of the same name (mod. See also:

Ticino) a little way above its confluence with the Padus (Po). It is said by See also:

Pliny to have been founded by the Laevi and Marici, two Ligurian tribes, while See also:

PTOLEMY (CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS)

Ptolemy attributes it to the See also:

INSUBRES ("Ivoµ(3pes, "Ivvouf pot)

Insubres. Its importance in See also:

ROMAN

Roman times was due to the See also:

EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of the Via Aemilia from See also:

ARIMINUM (mod. Rimini)

Ariminum to the Padus (187 B.c.), which it crossed at Placentia and there forked, one See also:

BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch going to See also:

MEDIOLANUM, or MEDIOLANIUM (mod. Milan, q.v.)

Mediolanum and the other to Ticinum, and thence to Laumellum where it divided once more—one branch going to Vercellae (and thence to Eporedia and See also:

AUGUSTA

Augusta Praetoria) and the other to See also:

VALENTIA, SIR FRANCIS ANNESLEY, VISCOUNT (1585-166o)

Valentia (and thence to Augusta Taurinorum or to See also:

POLLENTIA (mod. Pollenzo)

Pollentia). The branch to Eporedia must have been constructed before See also:

LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo B.C. Ticinum is not in-frequently mentioned by classical writers. It was a See also:

MUNICIPIUM (Lat. munus, a duty or privilege, capere, to take)

municipium, and from an inscription we know that a triumphal See also:

arch was erected in See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of See also:

AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus and his See also:

FAMILY

family, but we learn little of it except that in the 4th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century A.D. there was a manufacture of bows there. It was pillaged by See also:

ATTILA (d. 453)

Attila in A.D. 452 and by See also:

ODOACER, or ODOVACAR (c. 434-493)

Odoacer in 476, but See also:

rose to importance as a military centre in the See also:

GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

period. At Dertona and here the See also:

GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain stores of See also:

LIGURIA

Liguria were placed, and See also:

THEODORIC

Theodoric constructed a See also:

PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace, See also:

BATHS

baths and See also:

AMPHITHEATRE (Gr. 441, around, and O&arpov, a place for spectators)

amphitheatre and new See also:

TOWN

town walls; while an inscription of See also:

ATHALARIC (516-534)

Athalaric See also:

RELATING

relating to See also:

REPAIRS (from Lat. reparare, to make ready again)

repairs of seats in the amphitheatre is preserved (A.D. 528-529).

From this point. too, See also:

NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation on the Padus seems to have begun. See also:

Narses recovered it for the Eastern See also:

EMPIRE

Empire, but after a See also:

long See also:

SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege, the See also:

garrison had to surrender to the See also:

LOMBARDS, or LANGOBARDI

Lombards in 572. The name Papia, from which the See also:

MODERN

modern name Pavia comes, does not appear until Lombard times, when it became the seat of the Lombard See also:

KINGDOM

kingdom, and as such one of the leading cities of See also:

Italy. See also:

Cornelius See also:

Nepos, the biographer, appears to have been a native of Ticinum. Of Roman remains little is preserved—there is, for example, no sufficient See also:

PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof that the See also:

CATHEDRAL

cathedral rests upon an ancient See also:

temple of See also:

CYBELE, or CYBEBE (Gr. Ku/3X, Ku,(3i7sn)

Cybele—though the See also:

REGULAR

regular ground See also:

plan of the central portion, a square of some 1150 yds., betrays its Roman origin, and it may have sprung from a military See also:

CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp. This is not unnatural, for Pavia was never totally destroyed; even the See also:

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire of 1004 can only have damaged parts of the city, and the plan of Pavia remained as it was. Its See also:

GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates were possibly pre-served until See also:

early in the 19th century. The picturesque covered See also:

BRIDGE

bridge which joins Pavia to the suburb on the right See also:

BANK

bank of the river was preceded by a Roman bridge, of which only one See also:

PILLAR (0. Fr. piler, Mod. pilier, Late Lat. pilare, from pila, column)

pillar, in blocks of See also:

GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite from the See also:

BAVENO

Baveno quarries, exists under the central arch of the See also:

MEDIEVAL

medieval bridge, the See also:

REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest having no doubt served as material for the latter. The medieval bridge See also:

DATES

dates from 1351-1354. See A. Taramelli in Notizie degli scavi (1894), 73 sqq. and reff. (T.

End of Article: TICINUM (mod. Pavia, q.v.)

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TICINO (Ger. Tessin, anc. Ticinus)

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TICKELL, THOMAS (1686-174o)