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See also:UNION See also:LEAGUE OF See also:AMERICA, THE , sometimes called the Loyal League, an organization for See also:political purposes of See also:Northern whites, later of See also:Southern blacks, which originated in See also:Ohio in 1862 when the Confederate military successes and political disaffection in the Northern states made the outlook for the See also:North seem doubtful. Within one See also:year it had spread over eighteen Northern states and among the Unionists of the See also:South. The See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order raised troops, paid their expenses, sent supplies to the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field and distributed political literature. At the See also:close of the See also:war it worked for See also:radical reconstruction of the Southern states, See also:punishment of the Southern leaders, See also:confiscation of See also:property and See also:negro See also:suffrage. The Southern Unio lists hoped to make it the See also:nucleus of a new political party, but this was frustrated by the See also:admission of the blacks for political purposes, after which the Southern whites generally deserted the League. After the Freedmen's See also:Bureau agents and other Northern whites obtained command of the League in the South it became simply a See also:machine to See also:control the votes of the blacks. The League ceased to be important in the North, though headquarters were in New See also:York See also:City. Each Southern See also:state had its See also:grand See also:council and each See also:county one or more See also:councils. A constitution and an elaborate See also:ritual were adopted, making it an See also:oath-See also:bound See also:secret order, whose members were sworn to support one another on all occasions, to See also:vote in elections only for negroes or Northern men, and to overthrow the Southern " See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white See also:oligarchy." No ex-Confederate and few Southern Unionists were permitted to join. At each See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting the members were taught from a See also:catechism prepared by Radical members of See also:Congress that they must beware of their white neighbours as their worst enemies, that the Democratic party, to which the Southern whites belonged, See also:bad opposed emancipation and was still opposed to any rights for the negro. In order to prevent moral control of the negroes by former masters, the League, by an " See also:exodus order," required all negroes who were See also:stilt living with their former masters to find other homes. The negroes were taught the equality of men and the right of the negro to his See also:master's property. The votes of blacks, during reconstruction, were controlled by the few white Radical leaders. No negro could safely break away and vote independently. Negroes who voted with the See also:mass of the Southern whites were persecuted, beaten or (as in a few cases) killed. The League died out about 187o, but not before it had succeeded, with the Freedmen's Bureau and other forces, in permanently arraying the blacks and whites into opposing political parties. (W. L.
End of Article: UNION LEAGUE OF AMERICA, THE
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