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ALMANDINE, or ALMANDITE

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Originally appearing in Volume V01, Page 712 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ALMANDINE, or ALMANDITE , a name applied to certain kinds of See also:precious See also:garnet, being apparently a corruption of alabandicus, which is the name applied by See also:Pliny to a See also:stone found or worked at Alabanda, a See also:town in See also:Caria in See also:Asia See also:Minor. Almandine is an See also:iron alumina garnet, of deep red See also:colour inclining to See also:purple. It is frequently cut with a See also:convex See also:face, or en cabochon, and is then known as See also:carbuncle. Viewed through the spectroscope in a strong See also:light, it generally shows three characteristic absorption bands, as first pointed out by Prof. A. H. See also:Church. Almandine occurs rather abundantly in the See also:gem-gravels of See also:Ceylon, whence it has sometimes been called Ceylon-See also:ruby. When the colour inclines to a See also:violet tint, the stone is often called Syrian garnet, a name said to be taken from Syriam, an See also:ancient town of See also:Pegu. Large deposits of See also:fine almandine-garnets were found, some years ago, in the See also:Northern Territory of See also:South See also:Australia, and were at first taken for rubies, whence they were known in See also:trade for some See also:time afterwards as Australian rubies. Almandine is widely distributed. Fine rhombic dodecahedra occur in the schistose rocks of the Zillerthal, in Tyrol, and are sometimes cut and polished.

An almandine in which the ferrous See also:

oxide is replaced partly by See also:magnesia is found at Luisenfeld in See also:German See also:East See also:Africa. In the See also:United States there are many localities which yield almandine. Dr G. F. Kunz has figured a crystal of coarse almandine weighing 91 lb. from New See also:York See also:city. Fine crystals of almandine embedded in See also:mica-schist occur near Fort Wrangell in See also:Alaska. The coarse varieties of almandine are often crushed for use as an abrasive See also:agent.

End of Article: ALMANDINE, or ALMANDITE

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