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APELLA

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 160 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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APELLA , the See also:

official See also:title of the popular See also:assembly at See also:Sparta, corresponding to the See also:ecclesia in most other See also:Greek states. Every full See also:citizen who had completed his thirtieth See also:year was entitled to attend the meetings, which, according to See also:Lycurgus's See also:ordinance, must be held at the See also:time of each full See also:moon within the boundaries of Sparta. They had in all See also:probability taken See also:place originally in the See also:Agora, but were later transferred to the neighbouring See also:building known as the Skias (Paus. 12. so). The presiding See also:officers were at first the See also:kings, but in See also:historical times the ephors, and the voting was conducted by shouts; if the See also:president was doubtful as to the See also:majority of voices, a See also:division was taken and the votes were counted. Lycurgus had ordained that the apella must simply accept or reject the proposals submitted to it, and though this regulation See also:fell into neglect, it was practically restored by the See also:law of See also:Theopompus and Polydorus which em-powered the kings and elders to set aside any " crooked " decision of the See also:people (Plut. Lycurg. 6). In later times, too, the actual debate was almost, if not wholly, confined to the kings, elders, ephors and perhaps the other magistrates. The apella voted on See also:peace and See also:war, See also:treaties and See also:foreign policy in See also:general: it decided which of the kings should conduct a See also:campaign and settled questions of disputed See also:succession to the See also:throne: it elected elders, ephors and other magistrates, emancipated See also:helots and perhaps voted on legal proposals. There is a single reference (Xen. See also:Hell. iii.

3. 8) to a "small assembly" (i) l.LLKpa KaXouµEvn EKKXnvia) at Sparta, but nothing is known as to its nature or competence. The See also:

term apella does not occur in extant Spartan See also:inscriptions, though' two decrees of See also:Gythium belonging to the See also:Roman See also:period refer to the ueyfXaL it rOtXae (Le Bas-Foucart, Voyage archeologique, ii., Nos. 242a, 243). See G. See also:Gilbert, Constitutional Antiquities of Sparta and See also:Athens (Eng. trans., 1895), pp. 49 ff. ; Studien zur altspartanischen Geschichte (See also:Gottingen, 1872), pp. 131 ff. ; G. F. See also:Schumann, Antiquities of See also:Greece: The See also:Slate (Eng. trans., 188o), pp.

234 ff. ; De ecclesiis Lacedaemoniorum (Griefswald, 1836) 1=Opusc. academ. i. pp. 87 ff.]; C. O. See also:

Muller, See also:History and Antiquities of the Doric See also:Race (Eng. trans., 2nd ed. 1839), See also:book iii. ch. 5, §§ 8-1o; G. Busolt, See also:Die griechischen Steals- and Rechtsaltertumer, 1887 (in Iwan Muller's Handbuch der klassischen Allertumswissenschaft, iv. I), § 90; Griechische Geschichte (2nd ed.), i. p. 552 ff. (M. N.

End of Article: APELLA

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