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See also:CALAS, See also:JEAN (1698-1762) , a See also:Protestant See also:merchant at See also:Toulouse, whose legal See also:murder is a celebrated See also:case in See also:French See also:history. His wife was an Englishwoman of French extraction. They had three sons and three daughters. His son See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis had embraced the See also:Roman See also:Catholic faith through the persuasions of a See also:female domestic who had lived See also:thirty years in the See also:family. In See also:October 1761 another son, See also:Antoine, hanged himself in his See also:father's See also:ware-See also:house. The See also:crowd, which collected on so shocking a See also:discovery, took up the See also:idea that he had been strangled by the family to prevent him from changing his See also:religion, and that this was a See also:common practice among Protestants. The See also:officers of See also:justice adopted the popular See also:tale, and were supplied by the See also:mob with what they accepted as conclusive See also:evidence of the fact. The fraternity of See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
White Penitents buried the See also:body with See also:great ceremony, and performed a See also:solemn service for the deceased as a See also:martyr; the See also:Franciscans followed their example; and these formalities led to the popular belief in the See also:guilt of the unhappy family. Being all condemned to the See also:rack in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to extort See also:confession, they appealed to the See also:parlement; but this body, being as weak as the subordinate magistrates, sentenced the father to the See also:torture, See also:ordinary and extraordinary, to be broken alive upon the See also:wheel, and then to be burnt to ashes; which See also:decree was carried into See also:execution on the 9th of See also:March 1762. See also:Pierre Calas, the surviving son, was banished for See also:life; the See also:rest -were acquitted. The distracted widow, however, found some See also:friends, and among them See also:Voltaire, who laid her case before the See also:council of See also:state at
-968
See also:Versailles. For three years he worked indefatigably to procure justice, and made the Calas case famous throughout See also:Europe (see VOLTAIRE). Finally the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king and council unanimously agreed to annul the proceeding of the parlement of Toulouse; Calas was declared to have been See also:innocent, and every imputation of guilt was removed from the family.
See Causes celebres, tome iv.; Raoul See also:Allier, Voltaire et Calas, une erreur judiciaire au X VIII° siecle (See also:Paris, r 898) ; and See also:biographies of Voltaire.
End of Article: CALAS, JEAN (1698-1762)
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