|
COPYING See also:MACHINES . Appliances of various kinds have been devised for producing copies of writings made by the See also:pen or See also:pencil. A See also:simple method commonly adopted when only a single copy is required is to write the See also:original with specially prepared copying See also:ink (formed by adding some thickening substance like See also:sugar or See also:- GUM (Fr. gomme, Lat. gommi, Gr. Kµµ1, possibly a Coptic word; distinguish " gum," the fleshy covering of the base of a tooth, in O. Eng. gbma, palate, cf. Ger. Gaumen, roof of the mouth; the ultimate origin is probably the root gha, to open wide, seen in
gum to See also:ordinary ink), to See also:place upon it a damped See also:sheet of thin absorbent See also:paper, and to See also:press the two
together in some way, as in a copying press. The resulting impression, being reversed, must be read from the back of the absorbent paper, which is thin enough to be transparent. Another See also:process, by which a considerable number of copies can be made simultaneously, consists in interleaving a number of sheets of thin See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white paper with sheets of paper prepared with lampblack (" See also:carbon paper ") and See also:writing on the See also:top sheet with a " See also:style " or other See also:sharp-pointed See also:instrument, The hectograph may be taken as typical of manifolding processes analogous to See also:lithography. In it the writing is in first instance done with See also:aniline ink, and then a See also:transfer is made to a See also:plate of a gelatinous See also:composition, from which a See also:series of duplicates can be taken off. Another class of methods involves the preparation of what are essentially stencils. In the See also:cyclostyle, paper of a See also:special See also:kind is stretched over a smooth See also:- METAL
- METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)
metal plate, and the writing instrument consists of a holder having at the end a small See also:wheel provided with a serrated edge on its periphery, which perforates the paper with lines of See also:minute cuts and thus forms a See also:stencil. When ink is passed over this stencil with a See also:roller it goes through the perforations and leaves an impression on a piece of paper placed underneath. In the trypograph a similar result is attained by using a simple style for writing, but stretching the paper over a metal plate having its See also:surface covered with See also:fine sharp corrugations which See also:pierce the paper as the style is moved over them. In the See also:Edison electric pen the stencil is formed by the aid of a style containing a fine See also:needle, which is rapidly moved up and down by a .small electric motor mounted at the top of the pen, and thus a series of minute holes is punctured in the paper by the See also:act of writing. For copying plans and drawings, See also:engineers, architects, &c., use a " See also:blue See also:print " process which depends on the See also:action of See also:light on certain salts of See also:iron (see See also:SUN-COPYING and See also:PHOTOGRAPHY).
End of Article: COPYING MACHINES
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!