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FLOURENS, MARIE JEAN PIERRE (1794-1867)

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Originally appearing in Volume V10, Page 553 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FLOURENS, See also:MARIE See also:JEAN See also:PIERRE (1794-1867) , See also:French physiologist, was See also:born at Maureilhan, near See also:Beziers, in the See also:department of See also:Herault, on the 15th of See also:April 1794. At the See also:age of fifteen he began the study of See also:medicine at See also:Montpellier, where in 1823 he received the degree of See also:doctor. In the following See also:year he repaired to See also:Paris, provided with an introduction from A. P. de See also:Candolle, the botanist, to See also:Baron See also:Cuvier, who received him kindly, and interested himself in his welfare. At Paris Flourens engaged in physiological See also:research, occasionally contributing to See also:literary publications; and in 1821, at the Athenee there, he gave a course of lectures on the physiological theory of the sensations, which attracted much See also:attention amongst men of See also:science. His See also:paper entitled Recherches experimentales sur See also:les proprietes et les fonctions du systeme nerveux dans les animaux vertebras, in which he, from experimental See also:evidence, sought to assign their See also:special functions to the cerebrum, corpora quadrigemina and cerebellum, was the subject of a highly commendatory See also:report by Cuvier, adopted by the French See also:Academy of Sciences in 1822. He was chosen by Cuvier in 1828 to deliver for him a course of lectures on natural See also:history at the See also:College de See also:France, and in the same year became, in See also:succession to L. A. G. See also:Bosc, a member of the See also:Institute, in the See also:division " Economic rurale." In 183o he became Cuvier's substitute as lecturer on human See also:anatomy at the Jardin du Roi, and in 1832 was elected to the See also:post of titular See also:professor, which he vacated for the professorship of See also:comparative anatomy created for, him at the museum of the Jardin the same year. In 1833 Flourens, in accordance with the dying See also:request of Cuvier, was appointed a perpetual secretary of the Academy of Sciences; and in 1838 he was returned as a See also:deputy for the':See also:arrondissement of Beziers. In 184o he was elected, in preference to See also:Victor See also:Hugo, to succeed J.

F. See also:

Michaud at the French Academy; and in 1845 he was created a See also:commander of the See also:legion of See also:honour, and in the next year a peer of France. In See also:March 1847 Flourens directed the attention of the Academy of Sciences to the anaesthetic effect of See also:chloroform on animals. On the revolution of 1848 he withdrew completely from See also:political See also:life; and in 1855 he accepted the professorship of natural history at the College de France. He died at Montgeron, near Paris, on the 6th of See also:December 1867. Besides numerous shorter scientific See also:memoirs, Flourens published—Essai sur quelques points de la See also:doctrine de la revulsion et de la deri-vation (Montpellier, 1813) ; Experiences sur le systeme nerveux (Paris, 1825) ; Cours sur la See also:generation, l'ovologie, et l'embryologie (1836) ; Analyse raisonnee See also:des travaux de G. Cuvier (1841) ; Recherches sur le developpement des os et des dents (1842) ; Anatomic generate de la peau et des membranes muqueuses (1843) ; See also:Buffon, histoire de ses travaux et de ses idees (1844); See also:Fontenelle, ou de la philosophic moderne relativement aux sciences physiques (1847) ; Theorie experimentale de la formation des os (1847); Euvres completes de Buffon (1853) ; De la longevite humaine et de la quantite de See also:vie sur le globe (1854), numerous See also:editions; Histoire de la decouverte de la circulation du sang (1854) Cours de physiologic comparee (1856) ; Recueil des eloges historiques (1856) ; De la vie et de l'intelligence (1858) ; De la raison, du genie, et de la folic (1861); Ontologie naturelle (1861) ; Examen du livre de M. See also:Darwin sur l'Origine des Especes (1864). For a See also:list of his papers see the Royal Society's See also:Catalogue of Scientific Papers.

End of Article: FLOURENS, MARIE JEAN PIERRE (1794-1867)

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