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FREDRIKSHALD (FREDERIKSHALD, FRIEDRIC...

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 69 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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FREDRIKSHALD (FREDERIKSHALD, FRIEDRICHSHALL)

FREDRIKSHALD (FREDERIKSHALD, FRIEDRICHSHALL) , a seaport and See also:

garrison See also:

TOWN

town of See also:

Norway, in Smaalenene amt (See also:

COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county), 85 m. by See also:

RAIL

rail S. by E. of See also:

CHRISTIANIA (officially KRISTIANIA)

Christiania. Pop. (1900) r 1,948. It is picturesquely situated on both See also:

banks of the Tistedal See also:

RIVER

river at its outflow to the Ide See also:

FJORD, or FIORD

fjord, surrounded by several rocky eminences. The See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of these is occupied by the famous fortress Fredriksten, protected on three sides by precipices, founded by See also:

Frederick III. (1661), and mainly showing, in its See also:

PRESENT

present See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form, the See also:

WORKS

works of Frederick V. (1766) and See also:

Christian VII. (18o8). Between it and the smaller Gyldenlove fort a See also:

MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument marks the spot where See also:

Charles XII. was shot in the trenches while besieging the town (1718). The See also:

SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege, which was then raised, is further commemorated by a monument to the brave See also:

defence of the See also:

BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers See also:

Peter and Hans Kolbjornsen. Fredrikshald is See also:

close to the See also:

SWEDISH

Swedish frontier, and had previously (166o) withstood invasion, after which its name was changed from Halden to the present form in 1665 in See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of Frederick III. The town was almost totally destroyed by See also:

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire in 1759 and 1826.

The See also:

castle surrendered to the Swedish See also:

CROWN

crown See also:

prince Bernadotte in 1814, and its See also:

CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture was speedily followed by the See also:

CONQUEST

conquest of-the See also:

KINGDOM

kingdom and its See also:

union with See also:

Sweden. Fredrikshar1 is one of the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal ports of the kingdom for the export of See also:

TIMBER

timber. See also:

MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

Marble of very See also:

FINE

fine quality and See also:

GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain is extensively quarried and exported for architectural ornamentation and for See also:

FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture-making. See also:

Wood-pulp is also exported. The See also:

INDUSTRIES

industries embrace See also:

GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite quarries, wood-pulp factories, and factories for See also:

SUGAR

sugar, See also:

TOBACCO

tobacco, curtains, travelling-bags, boots, &c. There are railway communications with See also:

GOTHENBURG (Swed. Goteborg)

Gothenburg and all parts of Sweden and See also:

REGULAR

regular coastal and steamer services.

End of Article: FREDRIKSHALD (FREDERIKSHALD, FRIEDRICHSHALL)

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