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GAETULIA

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 386 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GAETULIA , an See also:

ancient See also:district in See also:northern See also:Africa, which in the usage of See also:Roman writers comprised the wandering tribes of the See also:southern slopes of See also:Mount Aures and the See also:Atlas, as far as the See also:Atlantic, and the oases in the northern See also:part of the See also:Sahara. They were always distinguished from the See also:Negro See also:people to the See also:south, and beyond doubt belonged to the same See also:Berber See also:race which formed the basis of the See also:population of See also:Numidia and See also:Mauretania (q.v.). The tribes to be found there at the See also:present See also:day are probably of the same race, and retain the same wandering habits; and it is possible that they still See also:bear in certain places the name of their Gaetulian ancestors (see Vivien St See also:Martin, Le See also:Nord de l'Afrique, 1863). A few only seem to have mingled with the Negroes of the Sahara, if we may thus interpret See also:Ptolemy's allusion to Melano-Gaetuli (4. 6. 5.). They were noted for the rearing of horses, and according to See also:Strabo had x00,000 foals in a single See also:year.- They were clad in skins, lived on flesh and See also:milk, and the only manufacture connected with their name is that of the See also:purple dye which became famous from the See also:time of See also:Augustus onwards, and was made from the purple See also:fish found on the See also:coast, apparently both in the Syrtes and on the Atlantic. We first hear of this people in the Jugurthine See also:War (11r—ro6 B.C.), when, as See also:Sallust tells us, they did not even know the name of See also:Rome. They took part with Jugurtha against Rome; but when we next hear of them they are in See also:alliance with See also:Caesar against See also:Juba I. (See also:Bell. Afr. 32).

In 25 B.C. Augustus seems to have given a part of Gaetulia to Juba II., together with his See also:

kingdom of Mauretania, doubtless with the See also:object of,controlling the turbulent tribes; but the Gaetulians See also:rose and massacred the Roman residents, and it was not till a severe defeat had been inflicted on them by See also:Lentulus Cossus (who thus acquired the surname Gaetulicus) in A.D. 6 that they submitted to the See also:king. After Mauretania became a Roman See also:province in A.D. 40, the Roman See also:governors made frequent expeditions into the Gaetulian territory to the south, and the See also:official view seems to be expressed by See also:Pliny (v. 4. 30) when he says that all Gaetulia as far as the See also:Niger and the Ethiopian frontier was reckoned as subject to the z1 See also:Empire. How far this represents the fact is not clear; but See also:inscriptions prove that Gaetulians served in the See also:auxiliary troops of the empire, and it may be assumed that the See also:country passed within the See also:sphere of Roman See also:influence, though hardly within the See also:pale of Roman See also:civilization. For bibliography see AFRICA, ROMAN.

End of Article: GAETULIA

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