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JUBA, or JUB

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 532 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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JUBA
JUBA, or JUB

JUBA, or JUB , a See also:

RIVER

river of See also:

East See also:

Africa, exceeding r000 m. in length, rising on the S.E. border of the Abyssinian See also:

HIGHLANDS, THE

highlands and flowing S. across the Galla and Somali countries to the See also:

sea. It is formed by the junction of three streams, all having their source in the See also:

mountain range N.E. of See also:

Lake See also:

RUDOLF (otherwise known as Basso NOROK and Gannon)

Rudolf which is thewater-parting between the See also:

Nile See also:

basin and the See also:

rivers flowing to the See also:

INDIAN

Indian Ocean. Of the three headstreams, the See also:

WEB (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Du. webbe, Dan. vaev, Ger. Gewebe, all from the Teutonic wabh—to weave)

Web, the Ganale and the Daua, the Ganale (or Ganana) is the central river and the true upper course of the Juba. It has two See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief branches, the See also:

Black and the See also:

GREAT

Great Ganale. The last-named, the most remote source of the river, rises in 7° 3o' N., 38° E. at an See also:

ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude of about 7500 ft., the See also:

crest of the mountains reaching another 2500 ft. In its upper course it flows over a rocky See also:

bed with a See also:

swift current and many rapids. The See also:

banks are clothed with dense See also:

JUNGLE (Sans. jangala)

jungle and the hills beyond with See also:

thorn-See also:

BUSH

bush. See also:

LOWER

Lower down the river has formed a narrow valley, 1500 to 2000 ft. below the See also:

general level of the See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country. Leaving the higher mountains in about 50 15' N., 40° E., the Ganale enters a large slightly undulating grass See also:

PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain which extends See also:

south of the valley of the Daua and occupies all the country eastward to the junction of the two rivers. In this plain the Ganale makes a semicircular sweep northward before resuming its general S.-E. course. East of 42° E. in 4° 12' N. it is joined by the Web on the See also:

LEFT

left or eastern See also:

BANK

bank, and about Io m. lower down the Daua enters on the right bank. The Web rises in the mountain See also:

CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain a little S. and E. of the See also:

SOURCES

sources of the Ganale, and some 40 m. from its source passes, first, through a See also:

CANON

canon 500 ft. deep, and then through a See also:

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of remarkable underground caves hollowed out of a See also:

QUARTZ

quartz mountain and, with their See also:

ARCHES, COURT OF

arches and See also:

white columns, presenting the See also:

APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of a pillared See also:

temple.

The Daua (or Dawa) is formed by the mountain torrents which have their rise S. and W. of the Ganale and is of similar See also:

CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character to that river. It has few feeders and none of any See also:

SIZE

size. The descent to the open country is somewhat abrupt. In its See also:

MIDDLE

middle course the Daua has cut a deep narrow valley through the plain ; lower down it bends N.E. to its junction with the Ganale. The river is not deep and can be forded in many places; the banks are fringed with thick bush and dom-palms. At the junction of the Ganale and the Web the river is swift-flowing and 85 yards across; just below the Daua confluence it is 200 yds. wide, the altitude here—3oo m. in a See also:

DIRECT

direct See also:

LINE

line from the source of the Ganale—being only 590 ft. Below the Daua the river, now known as the Juba, receives no tributary of importance. It first flows in a valley bounded, especially towards the See also:

west, by the escarpments of a high See also:

plateau, and containing the towns of Lugh (in 3° 50' N., the centre of active See also:

trade), Bardera, 387 in. above the mouth, and Saranli—the last two on opposite sides of the stream, in 2 ° 20' N., a See also:

CROSSING

crossing-See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place for caravans. Beyond 1 ° 45' N. the country becomes more level and the course of the river very tortuous. On the west a series of small lakes and backwaters receives See also:

WATER

water from the Juba during the rains. Just south of the See also:

EQUATOR (Late Lat. aequator, from aequare, to make equal)

equator channels from the See also:

long, branching Lake Deshekwama or See also:

HARDINGE, HENRY HARDINGE, VISCOUNT (1785-1856)

Hardinge, fed by the Lakdera river, enter from the west, and in o° 15' S. the Juba enters the sea across a dangerous See also:

bar, which has only one See also:

FATHOM

fathom of water at high See also:

TIDE (O. Eng. lid, cf. Ger. Zeit, time or season, connected with root of Sanskrit a-diti, endless)

tide. From its mouth to 20 M. above Bardera, where at 2° 35' N. rapids occur, the Juba is navigable by shallow-See also:

DRAUGHT (from the common Teutonic word " to draw "; cf. Ger. 7'racht, load; the pronunciation led to the variant form " draft," now confined to certain specific meanings)

draught steamers, having a general See also:

DEPTH

depth of from 4 to 12 ft., though shallower in places.

Just above its mouth it is a See also:

FINE

fine stream 250 yds. wide, with a current of 21 knots. Below the mountainous region of the headstreams the Juba and its tributaries flow through a country generally arid away from the banks of the streams. The See also:

SOIL

soil is sandy, covered either with thorn-scrub or See also:

RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank grass, which in the See also:

RAINY, ROBERT (1826-1906)

rainy See also:

SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season affords herbage for the herds of See also:

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle, See also:

sheep and camels owned by the Boran See also:

Gallas and the Somali who inhabit the See also:

DISTRICT

district. But by the banks of the lower river the character of the country changes. In this district, known as Gosha, are considerable tracts of See also:

FOREST

forest, and the level of See also:

flood water is higher than much of the surrounding See also:

LAND

land. This See also:

low-lying fertile See also:

belt stretches along the river for about 300 m., but . is not more than a mile or two wide. In the river valley See also:

MAIZE, or INDIAN CORN

maize, See also:

rice, See also:

cotton and other crops are cultivated. From Gobwen, a trading See also:

settlement about 3 m. above the mouth of the Juba, a road runs S.W. to the seaport of Kismayu, to in. distant. The lower Juba was ascended in 1865 in a steamer by See also:

Baron Karl von der Decken, who was murdered by Somali at Bardera, but the river See also:

SYSTEM

system remained otherwise almost unknown until after 1890. In 1891 a survey of its lower course was executed by See also:

CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain F. G. Dundas of the See also:

BRITISH

British See also:

NAVY

navy, while in 1892–1893 its headstreams were explored by the See also:

ITALIAN

Italian See also:

OFFICERS

officers, Captains See also:

VITTORIO

Vittorio, Bottego and Grixoni, the former of whom disproved the supposed connexion of the Omo (see RUDOLF, LAKE) with the Juba system.

It has since been further explored by See also:

Prince Eugenio Ruspoli, by Bottego's second expedition (1895), by See also:

Donaldson See also:

Smith, A. E. See also:

BUTTER (Lat. butyrum, Gr. 0obrvpov, apparently connected with $ous, cow, and rvpbs, cheese, but, according to the New English Dictionary, perhaps of Scythian origin)

Butter, Captain P. Maud of the British See also:

army, and others. The river, from its mouth to the confluence of the Daua and Ganale, forms the frontier between the British East Africa See also:

PROTECTORATE

protectorate and Italian See also:

SOMALILAND

Somaliland; and from that point to about 40 20' N. the Daua is the boundary between British and Abyssinian territory.

End of Article: JUBA, or JUB

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