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GIAMBELLI (or GIANIBErL1), FEDERIGO

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 925 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GIAMBELLI (or GIANIBErL1), FEDERIGO , See also:Italian military engineer, was See also:born at See also:Mantua about the See also:middle of the 16th See also:century. Having had some experience as a military engineer in See also:Italy, he went to See also:Spain to offer his services to See also:Philip II. His proposals were, however, lukewarmly received, and as he could obtain from the See also:king no immediate employment, he took up his See also:residence at See also:Antwerp, where he soon gained considerable reputation for his knowledge in various departments of See also:science. He is said to have vowed to be revenged for his rebuff at the See also:Spanish See also:court; and when Antwerp was besieged by the See also:duke of See also:Parma in 1584, he put himself in communication with See also:Queen See also:Elizabeth, who, having satisfied herself of his abilities, engaged him to aid by his counsels in its See also:defence. His plans for provisioning the See also:town were rejected by the See also:senate, but they agreed to a modification of his See also:scheme for destroying the famous See also:bridge which closed the entrance to the town from the See also:side of the See also:sea, by the See also:conversion of two See also:ships of 6o and 70 tons into infernal See also:machines. One of these exploded, and, besides destroying more than See also:i000 soldiers, effected a See also:breach in the structure of more than 200 ft. in width, by which, but for the hesitation of See also:Admiral Jacobzoon, the town might at once have been relieved. After the surrender of Antwerp Giambelli went to See also:England, where he was engaged for some See also:time in fortifying the See also:river See also:Thames; and when the Spanish See also:Armada was attacked by See also:fire-ships in the See also:Calais roads, the panic which ensued was very largely due to the conviction among the Spaniards that the fire-ships were infernal machines constructed by Giambelli. He is said to have died in See also:London, but the See also:year of his See also:death is unknown. See See also:Motley's See also:History of the See also:United See also:Netherlands, vols. i. and ii.

End of Article: GIAMBELLI (or GIANIBErL1), FEDERIGO

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