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GUYTON DE MORVEAU, LOUIS BERNARD, BAR...

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 747 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GUYTON DE MORVEAU, See also:

LOUIS See also:BERNARD, See also:BARON (1737-1816) , See also:French chemist, was See also:born on the 4th of See also:January 1737, at See also:Dijon, where his See also:father was See also:professor of See also:civil See also:law at the university. As a boy he showed remarkable aptitude for See also:practical See also:mechanics, but on leaving school he studied law in the university of Dijon, and in his twenty-See also:fourth See also:year became See also:advocate-See also:general in the See also:parlement of Dijon. This See also:office he held till 1782. Devoting his leisure to the study of See also:chemistry, he published in 1772 his Digressions academiques, in which he set forth his views on phlogiston, See also:crystallization, &c., and two years later he established in his native See also:town courses of lectures on materia medica, See also:mineralogy and chemistry. An See also:essay on chemical nomenclature, which he published in the See also:Journal de physique for May 1782, was ultimately See also:developed with the aid of A. L. See also:Lavoisier, C. L. Berthollet and A. F. See also:Fourcroy, into the Methode d'une nomenclature chimique, published in 1787, the principles of which were speedily adopted by chemists throughout See also:Europe. Constantly in communication with the leaders of the Lavoisierian school, he soon became a convert to the See also:anti-phlogistic See also:doctrine; and he published his reasons in the first See also:volume of the See also:section " Chymie, Pharmacie et Metallurgie " of the Encyclopedic methodique (1786), the chemical articles in which were written by him, as well as some of those in the second volume (1792).

In 1794 he was appointed to superintend the construction of balloons for military purposes, being known as the author of some aeronautical experiments carried out at Dijon some ten years previously. In 1791 he became a member of the Legislative See also:

Assembly, and in the following year of the See also:National See also:Convention, to which he was re-elected in 1795, but he retired from See also:political See also:life in 1797. In 1798 he acted as provisional director of the See also:Polytechnic School, in the See also:foundation of which he took an active See also:part, and from 1800 to 1814 he held the See also:appointment of See also:master of the See also:mint. In 1811 he was made a baron of the French See also:Empire. He died in See also:Paris on the 2nd of January 1816. Besides being a diligent contributor to the scientific See also:periodicals of the See also:day, Guyton wrote Memoire sur l'See also:education publique (1762) ; a satirical poem entitled Le See also:Rat iconoclaste, ou le Jesuite croque (1763); Discours publics et eloges (1775—1782); Plaidoyers sur plusieurs questions de See also:droit (1785); and Traite See also:des moyens de desinfecter Pair (18o1), describing the disinfecting See also:powers of See also:chlorine, and of hydrochloric See also:acid See also:gas which he had successfully used at Dijon in 1773. With See also:Hugues See also:Maret (1726—1785) and See also:Jean See also:Francois Durande (d. 1794) he also published the Elemens de chymie theorique et pratique (1776—1777).

End of Article: GUYTON DE MORVEAU, LOUIS BERNARD, BARON (1737-1816)

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