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JACQUARD, JOSEPH MARIE (1752-1834)

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 122 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JACQUARD, See also:JOSEPH See also:MARIE (1752-1834) , See also:French inventor, was See also:born at See also:Lyons on the 7th of See also:July 1752. On the See also:death of his See also:father, who was a working See also:weaver, be inherited two looms, with which he started business on his own See also:account. He did not, however, prosper, and was at last forced to become a See also:lime-burner at See also:Bresse, while his wife supported herself at Lyons by plaiting See also:straw. In 1793 he took See also:part in the unsuccessful See also:defence of Lyons against the troops of the See also:Convention; but afterwards served in their ranks on the See also:Rhone and See also:Loire. After seeing some active service, in which his See also:young son was shot down at his See also:side, he again returned to Lyons. There he obtained a situation in a factory, and employed his spare See also:time in constructing his improved See also:loom, of which he had conceived the See also:idea several years previously. In 18os he exhibited his invention at the See also:industrial See also:exhibition at See also:Paris; and in 1803 he was summoned to Paris and attached to the See also:Conservatoire See also:des Arts et Metiers. A loom by Jacques de Vaucanson (1709-1782), deposited there, suggested various improvements in his own, which he gradually perfected to its final See also:state. Although his invention was fiercely opposed by the See also:silk-weavers, who feared that its introduction, owing to the saving of labour, would deprive them of their livelihood, its advantages secured its See also:general See also:adoption, and by 1812 there were 11,000 Jacquard looms in use in See also:France. The loom was declared public See also:property in 18o6, and Jacquard was rewarded with a See also:pension and a See also:royalty on each See also:machine. He died at Oullins (Rhone) on the 7th of See also:August 1834, and six years later a statue was erected to him at Lyons (see See also:WEAVING).

End of Article: JACQUARD, JOSEPH MARIE (1752-1834)

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