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west, and has well-metalled roads lined with avenues of trees and regularly lighted and watered. The cantonment consists of the area inside the old See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city walls, and is now called Fort Dufferin. In the centre stands the See also:

PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace, a See also:

GROUP

group of wooden buildings, many of them highly carved and gilt, resting on a See also:

BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick See also:

PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

platform 900 ft. by 500 ft., and 6 ft. high. The greater See also:

PART

part of it is now utilized for military and other offices. The See also:

garrison consists of a See also:

BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade belonging to the Burma command of the See also:

INDIAN

Indian See also:

army. There are many See also:

FINE

fine pagodas and monastic buildings in the town. The See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population in 19o1 was 183,816, showing a decrease of 3% in the See also:

DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade. The population is very mixed.

Besides Burmese there are Zerbadis (tie offspring of a See also:

MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan with a Burman wife), Mahommedans, See also:

HINDUS

Hindus, See also:

Jews, See also:

CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese, See also:

SHANS

Shans and Manipuris (called Kathe), Kachins and Palaungs. Trains run from Mandalay to See also:

RANGOON

Rangoon, Myit-kyina, and up the Mandalay-See also:

KUNLONG

Kunlong See also:

RAIL

rail-way. The steamers of the Irrawaddy Flotilla See also:

COMPANY

Company also ply in all directions. There are twenty bazaars, the chief of which, the Zegyo, was burnt in 1897, and again in 1906, but rebuilt. The MANDALAY DISTRICT has an area of 2117 sq. m. and a population (1901) of 366,507, giving a See also:

DENSITY (Lat. densus, thick)

density of 177 inhabitants to the square mile. About 600 sq. m. along the Irrawaddy See also:

RIVER

river are fiat See also:

LAND

land, nearly all cultivated. In the north and east there are some 1500 sq m. of high hills and table-lands, forming geographically a portion of the Shan table-land. Here the fall to the plains averages 3000 to 4000 ft. in a distance of so m. This part of the district is well wooded and watered. The See also:

MAYMYO

Maymyo subdivision has very fine plateaus of 3000 to 3600 ft. in height. The highest peaks are between 4000 and 5000 ft. above sea-level. The Irrawaddy, the Myit-nge and the Madaya are the chief See also:

rivers.

The last two come from the Shan States, and are navigable for between 20 and 30 M. There are many canals, most of which have fallen greatly into disrepair, and the Aungbinle, Nanda and Shwepyi lakes also See also:

SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply See also:

WATER

water for cultivation. A systematic See also:

IRRIGATION (Lat. in, and rigare, to water or wet)

irrigation See also:

SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme has been under-taken by the See also:

government. The Sagyin hills near Madaya are noted for their See also:

alabaster; rubies are also found in small quantities. There are 335 sq. m. of See also:

FOREST

forest reserves in the district, but there is little See also:

TEAK

teak. The See also:

CLIMATE

climate is dry and healthy. During May and See also:

JUNE

June and till See also:

AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August strong winds prevail. The thermometer rises to about' 107° in the shade in the hot See also:

WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather, and the minimum in the See also:

month of See also:

DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December is about 55°. The rainfall is See also:

LIGHT

light, the See also:

AVERAGE

average being under 3o in. The DIVISION includes the districts of Mandalay, See also:

BHAMO

Bhamo, See also:

MYITKYINA

Myitkyina, See also:

KATHA

Katha and See also:

RUBY (Lat. rubeus, red)

Ruby Mines, with a See also:

TOTAL

total area of 29,373 sq. m., and a population (1901) of 777,338, giving an average density of 30 inhabitants to the square mile. (J. G.

End of Article: MANDALAY

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